Usapho IAraliaceae Yenziwe malunga ne-50 yezifo kwaye ingaphantsi kwe-1000 yeendidi, apho kufunyanwa khona izityalo eziqhelekileyo njenge ivy, la Umpheki kunye aralia, kunye nezinye ziyaziwa kodwa azilinywanga kangako kwigadi, njenge ginseng. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezityalo zolu sapho zezi amagqabi esundu kunye ne-inflorescence embel emile.
Uninzi losapho IAraliaceae Ziyimithi enomdla kakhulu, kodwa yomisa amasebe amaninzi xa idubula. Ngesi sizathu, uninzi lwazo olukhulileyo zizihlahla, zinemithi embalwa ebetha ngokukhethekileyo. Emva koko siza kubona iimpawu kunye nokhathalelo lwezinye izityalo zolu sapho ezisetyenziswa kakhulu egadini.
UAralia elata (iaralia eqhelekileyo)
Olu hlobo lukhula lwenze i-shrub enqabileyo enamasebe athe nkqo, afana ngokufana nokubonakala kwi-ailanthus okanye i-sumac. Amagqabi ayo adityaniswe bipinnateNgamanye amagama, igqabi ngalinye elipheleleyo lenziwe "ngesebe" apho kuvela khona "amasebe" amaninzi (afana nethambo leentlanzi), apho kuvela amaphecana (abizwa ngokuba ngamaphini okanye amaphetshana). Kuyinto enomdla ukuba amagqabi, izityalo ezinika igama kusapho IAraliaceae zahluke kakhulu kwezinye iintlobo. I-inflorescence yayo ayibonisi kakhulu, nangona kunjalo xa izaliswe ziziqhamo ezibomvu. Azifane zifike kwi-5m ukuphakama. Kuyinto yemveli IJapan neKorea, apho isetyenziswa njengokutya.
Oku akusetyenziswa ngokubanzi eSpain, kodwa kusetyenziswa kuyo yonke iYurophu, kwaye kukho imihlanganisela emininzi enamagqabi ahlukeneyo. Isizathu soku kukuba nangona iyanyamezela amaqondo obushushu asondele ku -30ºC (yanele ukuyikhulisa kuninzi lweYurophu), ayithwali ubushushu kunye nokungabikho kokufuma kwendalo. Ufuna umhlaba ohlala ufumile kodwa ucocekile, nangona ungakhathali kakhulu malunga ne-pH okanye ubume.
ICussonia paniculata (umthi weklabishi)
Yi shrub okanye isithole esincinci esincinci esine-3m okanye 5m, kuxhomekeke kwii-subspecies. Umboko wayo ungqindilili, ngakumbi emazantsi, kunye ne-bark ebetha kakhulu. Ihlala emazantsi eAfrika, kuyo yonke into EMzantsi Afrika nakumazantsi eBotswana. Unamagqabi kuphela, makhulu kakhulu, ekupheleni kwamasebe. Amagqabi adityaniswe ngesundu, aluhlaza okanye aluhlaza ngombala. Iintlobo ezingezantsi zohlobo lwe-paniculata zincinci, zinamagqabi agudileyo, kwaye zifumaneka kuphela eMpuma Koloni. I-sinnuata subspecies inkulu, inamagqabi atshisiweyo kwaye isasazwa ngokubanzi. I-inflorescence yayo ibonakala ngathi ziindlebe zengqolowa eziphethwe ziinduku eziphuma esiphelweni samasebe.
Ifunwa kakhulu kwizitiya zasentlango ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo kunomdla kunye nokumelana nokubanda (ukuya kuthi ga -7ºC), ubushushu nembalela. Kukwanomdla kakhulu kwingqokelela ye-caudiciform ngenxa ye-caudex eyenzekayo xa isencinci. Udinga umhlaba ongcono kakhulu ongagcini amanzi amaninzi. Ikhetha ukuba lilanga elipheleleyo, kodwa inyamezele umthunzi.
ICussonia spicata (umthi wekhaphetshu)
Olu hlobo lukhula lube ngumthi omkhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15m ukuphakama), lolunye lolona sapho lukhulu. IAraliaceae. Banamasebe ambalwa, nokuba kulunge ngokwamasebe, into engaqhelekanga kolu sapho. Amagqabi ayo adityaniswe kabini entendeni (elinye isundu lisuka ekupheleni "komnwe" ngamnye), luhlaza oqaqambileyo ngombala. Isiqu sinamaxolo acekethekileyo, kodwa esiba ngqindilili. I-inflorescences zifana kakhulu nezo C. paniculata, kodwa incinci kwaye ininzi. Ukuhlala iindawo ezifumileyo zoMzantsi-mpuma weAfrika.
Ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi eSpain kuba ayihambelani nokubanda kakuhle (ukuya kuthi ga -2ºC) nakwiindawo eziselunxwemeni kuhlala kungafikeleli kubukhulu obukhulu. Ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo, ngakumbi xa isencinci. Ayinyanzelekanga kakhulu ngomhlaba, nangona ibathanda ngomjelo olungileyo.
UFatsia japonica (IAralia yaseJapan)
Iba yityholo malunga ne-2 okanye i-3m ukuphakama kwaye ibanzi kancinci ukuba liselangeni. Inamagqabi esundu anombala oluhlaza ocacileyo kwaye acwebezelayo. Zininzi iintlobo ngeentlobo zemidiliya, eyona idume ngokuba yi 'variegata' kunye 'newebhu yesigcawu' Esi sityalo sihlala senziwe ngeziqu ezininzi ezingagalelwanga eziphuma kwisiseko, zinamagqabi kuwo onke amasebe, ngaphandle kwemifuziselo yakudala enesiphelo kuphela. Ii-inflorescence zayo ziyafana nezo ze-ivy, kodwa i-globose engaphezulu. Indawo yaseJapan.
Esinye sezityalo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengesityalo sangaphakathi, kodwa sikhula ngcono ngaphandle, apho sikhetha ukuba semthunzini, kodwa siyanyamezela ukusuka kumthunzi ogcweleyo ukuya kwilanga elipheleleyo. Ikhetha ihlobo elipholileyo nelifumileyo, ke kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo kungcono ukuyikhulisa emthunzini. Malunga ne substrate, uyayifuna ihlala ifumile kodwa ingabi manzi, ke ifuna idreyini efanelekileyo. Ingakhula kuwo nawuphi na umhlaba, kodwa ayinyamezeli isanti okanye umhlaba we-pH ophezulu kakhulu. Ukumelana namaqondo obushushu kufutshane no -10ºC.
IHedera helix (ivy)
Esinye sezona zityalo zisetyenziswayo sinyukayo kwigadi. Iindidi zasendle zinokunyuka ziye kufikelela kwi-10m ukuphakama (okanye ukuya kuthi ga kubude benkxaso yayo, apho ikhonkxa khona ngeengcambu ezithandekayo), apho iqala khona ukubeka phantsi amasebe ashinyeneyo, yenza uhlobo lwendebe kunye neentyatyambo. Ineentlobo ezimbini zamagqabi, ezine-webhedi, ezifumaneka kwizikhondo ezinyukayo, kunye nezinye ezimile okwe-elliptical ezifumaneka kwizikhondo zeentyatyambo. Kukho zonke iintlobo zezilimo, zinamagqabi aneemilo ezininzi ezahlukileyo kunye nemibala, kwaye zineentlobo ezintathu zokukhula: ezo zesityalo esidala, ezifanayo nezasendle; isityalo solutsha (sigcina imbonakalo ye-ivy yasendle kwiminyaka embalwa yobomi kubo bonke ubomi babo), ezizizityalo zemifuno esetyenziswa njengesityalo esijingayo; namatyholo, ahlala ekhula njengamasebe eentyatyambo. Ii-inflorescence zii-umblob zeglobose, zineentyatyambo ezimhlophe, kwaye ngokubanzi zifumaneka kuphela kwisithsaba. Inommandla omkhulu wokusasaza, wonke umazantsi nasentshona Yurophu, emantla eAfrika naseAsia, ukusuka eIndiya ukuya eJapan.
Isetyenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kodwa iya kuhlala ikhula ngcono ngaphandle, apho yenza khona iziqu ezinomtsalane. Amasebe anyukayo akhetha ukuba semthunzini, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuzaliswa ziintyatyambo, kungcono kwilanga elipheleleyo, apho iyakwenza amasebe eentyatyambo kuso sonke isityalo. Iindidi zemifuno ngokubanzi azidubuli iintyatyambo kwaye zikhula kakuhle emthunzini. Akufuneki ngohlobo lomhlaba okanye imozulu, nangona kuyacetyiswa ukuwunkcenkceshela kwimozulu ezomileyo, ngakumbi ukuba awukho emthunzini, nangona uyinyamezela imbalela. Ukuqina okubandayo kuxhomekeke kulimo, kodwa ngokubanzi banyamezele amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe - 10ºC, nangona benomonakalo ukuba bathe bavezwa ngumoya kunye neqabaka.
X Fatshedera lizei (aralia ivy)
Ihlala ithengiswa kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana ezichongwe njenge-ivy. Ngokwenyani i Umxube we IHedera helix y UFatsia japonica, Ukudibanisa ukukhula kwazo zombini. Inamagqabi e-webbed afana ne-ivy, kodwa evulekile ngakumbi. Kwenzeka into efanayo kunye ne-inflorescence yayo. Ikhula ibe sisihlahla esinamasebe alilayo, afana nebramble okanye i-bougainvillea. Inokuba njengesityalo esinyukayo, kodwa kuya kufuneka ibotshelelwe, kuba ayikhuphi naluphi na uhlobo lwenkxaso. Kukho imihlanganisela eyahlukeneyo, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo luhlaza kunye nokwahluka, okuhlala kuthengiswa kukuncinci.
Yononophelo olufana ne UFatsia japonica: umthunzi omncinci, uhlala umanzi umhlaba (nangona ujongene nembalela ngcono) -10ºC ubuncinci...
Panax ginseng (iginseng)
Ezi zityalo zincinci kakhulu kwaye azibonakali, ezihlala zingekho ngaphezulu kwamagqabi amane okanye amahlanu aphuma emhlabeni. Ekuphela kwento ebabazekayo malunga nesi sityalo ziingcambu zayo ezinkulu ezinokubonakala ngathi ngumntu (kodwa hayi njengemandrake). Ayisetyenziswanga egadini, kodwa isetyenziswa njengesityalo sokunyanga. Amagqabi ayo adityaniswe ngesundu kwaye i-inflorescence yinye ye-globose umbel yeentyatyambo ezimhlophe. Isiqhamo sawo sibomvu. Ikhula kwiindawo ezibandayo zaseAsia.
Ngokwenkathalelo, ifuna umhlaba ovulekileyo onomjelo ofanelekileyo ukuphuhlisa ingcambu kakuhle, kunye ne-pH ene-asidi encinci. Ukumelana namaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe - 20ºC (ukuya kuthi ga -40ºC ukuba igcinwe yomile, kungenjalo iyabola), kodwa hayi ubushushu. Ikwaxhasa nelanga elithe ngqo, ke kufuneka ikhule emthunzini okanye emthunzini. Ngokumalunga nokunkcenkceshela, ihlala ifuna ukufuma kwi-substrate, kodwa ayikwazi ukuma kwamanzi.
IPseudopanax ferox
Isityalo esinomdla kakhulu, ixhaphake kakhulu eNew Zealand, enokuqwalaselwa njengenye ye Imithi enqabileyo emhlabeni. Iqala ngokwenza isiqu esithe nkqo, ngaphandle kwamasebe, apho kuvela khona amagqabi amade, amdaka, ansundu, aqine ngameva. Kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 ubudala, xa imalunga ne-4m ubude, iqala ukuba yisebe kwaye ikhule ibe mfutshane kwaye ibanzi amagqabi, ngaphandle kwameva, angabi ngqindilili kwaye abe nombala oluhlaza ngakumbi. Nje ukuba ifumane ezi mpawu, inokuqala ukudubula, yenze i-globose inflorescence engabonakaliyo. Ifikelela kwi-6m ubuninzi. Isizathu soku kukhula okungaqhelekanga kukuziqhelanisa nokukhusela ukutyiwa zii-moas, iintaka ezinkulu ezifana ne-emus esandula ukuphela.
Ifuna i-substrate enomjelo olungileyo, kodwa nangona ukubonakala kwayo kucacisa ngenye indlela, ayimelani nembalela, ifuna i-substrate ehlala ifumile. Ingaba kwilanga elipheleleyo okanye kumthunzi omnyama. Nokuba ku ukumelana namaqondo obushushu kufutshane no -10ºC, kufuneka ikhuselwe kwimimoya ebandayo.
Ischefflera arboricola (umpheki)
Esinye isityalo esiqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle, ityalwe emhlabeni, yenza ityholo elikhulu, iimitha ezimbalwa ukuphakama kwaye zimalunga neemitha ezine ububanzi, nangona kwimozulu yetropiki iba ngumthi. Amagqabi ayo anamagqabi esundu, aluhlaza ocacileyo, nangona iisampulu ezi-variegated zihlala zithengiswa, zinamagqabi aluhlaza ocacileyo anamabala amthubi. Ikhula njengesihlahla esiqhelekileyo, sinamasebe amasebe asezantsi kakhulu. I-inflorescence zii-panicles ezivela ngokukhululekileyo, zineentyatyambo ezityheli kunye neziqhamo ezincinci ezinemibala emininzi. Umthonyama eTaiwan naseHainan.
Zizityalo ezinganyangekiyo ezinokumelana nazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaba, nangona zikhetha izityalo ezifunxwe kakuhle. Ikwa nyamezela imbalela kunye namanzi agqithisileyo. Inokuba lilanga elipheleleyo kunye nomthunzi omnyama. Kwisithunzi esipheleleyo ihlala iphila iminyaka embalwa, kodwa ayikhuli kakuhle. Ngokubhekiselele kukumelana nokubanda, ibambe kancinci kancinci kune - 3ºC, kodwa ngomonakalo, kwaye iqabaka litshile amagqabi.
Ischefflera actinophylla (umthi we-octopus)
njenge S. arboricolaKuqheleke kakhulu njengesityalo sangaphakathi, kodwa oku kuqheleke kakhulu ukubona ngaphandle kwiindawo zonxweme. Iba ngumthi ophakathi onamasebe amancinci, mde kakhulu kunokuba ubanzi. Amagqabi ayo adityaniswe ne-palmatic, kodwa ngaphezulu "kwe" iminwe "eyi-10 exhonyiweyo kwaye inkulu kakhulu. Ii-inflorescence zinkulu njenge-panicle efana ne-panicles eneentyatyambo ezipinki, eziyinika igama lomthi we-octopus. Ikhula emahlathini ase-Australia, eNew Guinea naseJava.
Ifuna umhlaba owomileyo kunye namanzi amaninzi xa umncinci. Iyawunyamezela umthunzi othile, kodwa ukhetha ukuba selangeni eligcweleyo, ngokufanelekileyo ngobushushu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Kwithiyori ibambelela malunga ne -3ºC, kodwa iqhwa kwisiseko kwakamsinya nje ukuba yehle ngezantsi -1ºC, kunjalo Kunconywa kuphela ukuba uyikhulise kwimozulu ngaphandle kweqabaka.
Ingqele yabapheki abanganyangekiyo
Nangona zihlala zingakhuli kwaye zithengiswa ngamaxabiso aphezulu, zininzi iintlobo zabapheki ezinganyangekiyo kuneqabaka. Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zezihlahla okanye izithole ezincinci ezinamagqabi esundu anamagqabantshintshi, kodwa kukho ezinye, ezinje Ischefflera macrophylla, inamagqabi angaphezu kwe-1m ubude namaphetshana abanzi kakhulu. Bahlala ngokuhlala amahlathi amafu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Bahlala bedinga umhlaba okhamileyo osoloko ugcinwa ufumile kwaye unomthunzi. Ukongeza, ngokubanzi abunyamezeli ubushushu ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukufuma okuphezulu, kodwa uninzi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe - 10ºC.
Tetrapanax papyrifer
Esinye sezityalo esiya kuhlala sifumana kwi yemozulu ebandayo igadi yetropiki. Ngumthi omncinci, omncinci kakhulu onamasebe onqabileyo ongaphezulu kwe-4m ukuphakama. Inegxolo eliqhekekileyo endaweni yalo, kodwa umdla walo ulele kumagqabi alo amakhulu aneebhedi. Isityalo sonke sigqunywe nge-velvet eza kuchukumisa kwaye ibangele ukukhwehlela ukuba uphefumle. Xa isetyhula ubungakanani bamagqabi kuncitshisiwe, ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kushiye isebe elinye kuphela. Kwizityalo zabantu abadala, izityalo ezitsha zivela ezingcanjini, ukuze ke zibe nokuhlasela ngandlel 'ithile. Esinye sezityalo ezimbalwa zosapho IAraliaceae ezinqabileyo, ixhaphake eTaiwan.
Bafuna i-substrate ehambisa amanzi ehlala emanzi, kwaye nangona bebekezelela umthunzi othile, bakhetha ukuba selangeni. Zimelana nobushushu kakuhle, kunye namaqondo obushushu kufutshane no -10ºC. Babambe uluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH, kodwa kwimihlaba esisiseko bathambekele kakhulu kwi-iron chlorosis.
Ezi zezona zityalo zilinywa kakhulu kusapho IAraliaceae, nangona zininzi ezinye ezinomdla ngokwenene. Ubusazi bonke? Ukuba uyithandile, ndiyakumema ukuba uyithenge, kukho amaphepha amaninzi ewebhu azithengisayo ngexabiso elihle.