Yintoni umhlaba kwaye kutheni ubalulekile kwizityalo?

Umhlaba yindawo apho iingcambu zezityalo zikhula khona, kwaye ngenxa yoko iimpawu kunye neepropathi zabo ziya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwimpilo yabo. Kwaye kukuba kwiplanethi esihlala kuyo kukho iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaba, ezinye zinesiponji kwaye zityebile kakhulu kwizakhamzimba, ezinye zenziwe ngee-pores okanye ii-coarse grains ezinokuthi ziphantse zingabi nasondlo kodwa zibe nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo.

Ngoko ke, Kubalulekile ukuba siwazi kakuhle umhlaba, kuba ngale ndlela sinokukhula kakuhle kwaye somelele izityalo. Ke, masiqale.

Uyintoni umhlaba kwaye ubaluleke ngantoni?

Ukuba siqala ekuqaleni, kufuneka sitsho umhlaba ngumaleko womphezulu womhlaba. Inxalenye apho uninzi lwezilwanyana, kubandakanya abantu, inyathela, nalapho iingcambu zezityalo zikhula khona. Kodwa kwakhona, phantse kuwo onke amanqwanqwa aso siza kufumana izinambuzane (ezinje ngemisundululu okanye iimbovane) kunye nezinto ezincinci amakhowa, virus) ezihlala kuyo.

Ukubaluleka kulele kwinyaniso yokuba, nangona i-priori ingathandeki, yiyo evumela ukuba umjikelo uqhubeke: yonke into ephilayo, ngenye imini iyatshabalala. Kwaye xa isenzeka, zonke izondlo eziqulathiweyo zikhutshelwa emhlabeni. Umzekelo, xa umthi uwe emhlabeni, isikhunta siyakutya kwixolo laso, de kube semva kweminyaka embalwa (isenokuba ngamashumi eminyaka) somboko akukho nto ishiyekileyo ngaphandle kwezo fungi zazisitya kuwo, eziya kuthi kwakhona zife ngenye imini kwaye wondla umhlaba. Ezi, xa kunetha, zinokubakho ukuze izityalo zizisebenzise.

Kodwa ngaphandle kobomi nokufa, kuninzi kuwo nawuphi na umhlaba: amanzi, umoya, amatye. Asinakho ukulibala nokuba zizinto ezenzeka ngamanye amaxesha (kodwa ngethamsanqa zikhona ngamanye amaxesha) kwaye ziyichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo, njengempembelelo yemeteorite okanye i-asteroid. Eminye iminyhadala iyenzeka rhoqo, ngakumbi kwiPasifiki, njengokuqhuma kwentaba

Nawuphi na umsitho wolu hlobo unokuwutshintsha umhlaba, kungoko unokubangela utshintsho kubomi beentyatyambo nezilwanyana ezihlala kuwo.. Umzekelo, ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo lunokutshabalalisa ihlathi ngokulula kwiiyure ezimbalwa, izantyalantyala zemvula, esele inamandla, ingazonakalisa izitiya nezitiya ukuba azinalo ikroba lamanzi.

Kukho izinto esingenakukuphepha. Oko kukuthi, nangona namhlanje umzekelo sinokubala indlela eza kulandelwa yimeteorite, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi xa kuqhuma intaba-mlilo, okanye zeziphi iindawo ezisemngciphekweni wezikhukula, Abantu abanakukwazi ukulwa nendalo. Kuya kufuneka zivumelane nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Izityalo bezisenza oku ukusukela oko zaqalwa, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-300 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kwaye bazakuqhubeka bekwenza oko de iLanga "liginye" uMhlaba, malunga neebhiliyoni ezi-5 zeminyaka, ukuba awuzukuphela msinyane, kunjalo.

Wenziwe njani umhlaba?

Ukwazi banzi ngomhlaba, kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba unamacandelo ahlukeneyo ekufuneka aziwe ukuba sifuna ukwazi banzi malunga nobomi bezityalo:

• Uluhlu lokuqala lwezinto eziphilayo, is mulch kunye namagqabi, amasebe, njl.
• Umphezulu womhlabaityebile ngehumus. Umbala wayo umnyama kunaleyo yomaleko wangaphambili.
• El umhlaba ongaphantsi isezantsi, kwaye ine-humus encinci, ke umbala wayo ulula noko. Iingcambu zezityalo zikhula zize apha.
• Umandlalo, lawo ngamaqhekeza amatye aswele izondlo.

Ukongeza koku kungasentla: umoya namanzi. Oku kuhlala kwisithuba esisele phakathi kwepore, okanye ukuba ufuna igranites, yomhlaba. Kancinci ezi pores zikhona, kokukhona ziya kubumbana kwaye ke ngoko kuya kubakho ubunzima kwizityalo, kuba kwelinye icala ukuba zihlala zomile ixesha elide, kuyakubabiza ngakumbi ukufunxa amanzi; kwaye kwelinye icala, ukuba iintsuku ezininzi zihlala zimanzi okanye zikhukula, iingcambu ziya kubola.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba ezo pores zinkulu, iya kuba ngumhlaba olula kakhulu ongazukugcina manzi ixesha elide. Oku kufanelekile kwezinye izityalo, ezinjengezo zihlala kwimimandla eyomileyo okanye eyomileyoagave, ikhala lezidalwa, njl.), Kodwa hayi eyamahlathi okanye yehlathi (anthurium, iimaphu, njl).

Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaba ezikhoyo?

Umhlaba awufani kuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba. Ngethamsanqa, kukho umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kwale endinayo egadini yam emazantsi eMallorca, kunye naleyo unokuyifumana emantla eIberia Peninsula. Yintoni egqithisile, kwiphondo elinye, nakwindawo enye, akukho mihlaba mibini ifanayo.

Ukukunika umbono, endinayo ngumbumba, umbala omdaka ngombala kwaye usesichengeni sokhukuliseko kuba kunetha kancinci kwaye inqanaba lokugqobhoza liphezulu. Kodwa enye esemantla esiqithi imnyama, kuba kunetha kakhulu, kukho izityalo ezininzi ngakumbi (kukho amahlathi eSierra de Tramuntana, umzekelo), ke ngoko kukho izinto ezininzi eziphilayo xa zibola zondla umhlaba .

Ngaloo ndlela, imihlaba yahlulwa ngokobume bayo:

• Imihlaba enesanti: zinokungena kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, azinazondlo kuba amanzi azithwala zimke nazo. Baqulathe isanti. Olunye ulwazi.
• Imihlaba enesilikhi: ezi zinesilayidi ikakhulu. Ziye zibonakaliswe ngokuba nezidumbu ezihle kakhulu eziye zaqhutywa yimilambo okanye ngumoya. Zikwacwecwe, kodwa azingqinelani, kwaye zimnyama ngombala.
• Umhlaba wekalika: Ezi ziqulathe isixa esikhulu seetyiwa zekalali. Zingamdaka ngebala okanye zimhlophe ngokuxhomekeke kubuninzi bemvula nobunzulu bemvula. Olunye ulwazi.
• Umhlaba wodongwe: Zenziwe ziinkozo ezimdaka ngombala okanye bomvu-bumdaka. Banobumba obuninzi, ke xa kunetha kakhulu, amadama athambekele ekwenzeni.
• Imihlaba enamatyeNjengoko igama lisitsho, ingumhlaba owenziwe ngamatye namatye. Awagcini manzi, ngaphandle kokuba kukho umngxuma, zimbalwa izityalo ezikhulayo kuwo (xa kuthelekiswa nalawo akhula kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaba).
• Umhlaba omnyama: yaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaba ofumileyo. Yeyona intle ukukhula njengoko inesixa esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo, ifunxa amanzi kodwa iyayihluza, kwaye ivumela ukukhula kakuhle kweengcambu.

Kwaye kwakhona zinokuhlelwa ngokwe-pH yazoOko kukuthi, ngokwenqanaba le-asidi / i-alkalinity:

• Imihlaba eneasidi: ngabo bane-pH engaphantsi kwe-7. Umbala wabo uvame ukuba bomvu-bumdaka, kwaye nangona izityalo zingazifumana zonke i-micronutrients eziyifunayo, njenge-iron, i-manganese, okanye i-chlorine, azisayi kuhlala zifumana i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium okanye ikhalsiyam, mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba zingakwazi ukufunxa okanye ngenxa yokuba azifumaneki kuloo mhlaba.
• Imigangatho engathath'icala: ngaba bane-pH phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-7.5. Zihlala zinazo zonke izakha mzimba ezifunwa zizityalo ezininzi.
• Imigangatho esisiseko: ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba wealkaline. Ngabo bane-pH enkulu kune-7.5. Owona mqobo uphambili kubo bubukho be-calcium carbonate enkulu, enokuthintela iingcambu ekufumaneni izakha mzimba abazifunayo.

Ke ngoko, umhlaba ungadongwe kwaye ungathathi cala; okanye isanti kunye nesiseko.

Ukongeza, kuxhomekeka kwi-pH yomhlaba apho izityalo zikhula khona, siyahlula:

• Izityalo zeasidi, ezo zikhula kumazwe ane-pH engaphantsi kwe-6.5, njengeemaphu zaseJapan, iicamellias okanye iihydrangeas, phakathi kwezinye. Olunye ulwazi.
• Izityalo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezo zikhula kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezifana neFicus, iCitrus okanye iPrunus.
• Izityalo zealkali Ngawaphi lawo, ngokuchaseneyo, enza njalo kumazwe apho i-pH yayo isi-7 okanye ngaphezulu, njenge UPinus halepensis, URhamnus alaternus u I-Olea europaea.

Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba banokukhula kuphela kwimihlaba ene-pH. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwezityalo zealkali zenza kakuhle kwimihlaba engathathi hlangothi, kwaye kungenjalo. Ezineasidi zibuthathaka ngakumbi, kuba xa zityalwe kumhlaba one-pH ephezulu ngokukhawuleza zibonisa iimpawu zeklorosis (ukutyheli kwamagqabi, kushiye imithambo iluhlaza).

Kuxhomekeke kubume beekhemikhali zomhlaba, kukho:

• Izityalo zeChalcophilic, ezikhula kumhlaba onepesenti ephezulu yelitye lekalika.
• Izityalo zeCalcifugal Zizo ezo esiza kuzifumana kumazwe anenqanaba eliphantsi le-calcium.
• Izityalo zeGypsophilic, ezihlala kwimihlaba elawulwa yi-gypsum.
• Izityalo zeNitrophilic, ephuhla kuphela kwimihlaba eneepesenti eziphezulu ze-nitrogen kunye ne-nitrate.
• Izityalo zeSilicicole, njengemihlaba enemali eninzi.
• Izityalo zeHalophilic, ekhula kwimihlaba etyebe kakhulu kwiityiwa. Olunye ulwazi.
• I-Metalophilic okanye i-metalophytic izityalo, enokukhula kwimihlaba etyebileyo kwizinyithi ezinzima ezifana nelothe okanye i-nickel.

Ungayinyusa njani okanye uyinciphise i-pH yomhlaba?

Ukugxila ngakumbi kusetyenziso lomhlaba kwezolimo kunye nasegadini, masibone ukuba singayitshintsha njani i-pH yomhlaba ukuba sifuna ukukhula kohlobo oluthile lwesityalo. Kodwa kuqala kufuneka sazi ukuba yintoni i-pH, kwaye koku sinokusebenzisa imitha ye-pH yedijithali (kwintengiso apha). Oku kufakwe emhlabeni kwaye, ngokuzenzekelayo, akuyi kuthetha ukuba yintoni.

Kodwa inokwenziwa nasekhaya, ngoku Landelayo:

1. Into yokuqala kukuthatha iisampulu zomhlaba ezininzi kwindawo apho izityalo ziya kuba, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu, kodwa ukusuka ngaphakathi elizweni. Into oyenzayo yahlula loo ndawo kwizikwere okanye imigca ediagonal, kwaye uthathe iisampulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kubunzulu beesentimitha ezili-10 ukuba ufuna ukukhulisa izityalo ezincinci (imifuno, imifuno, iintyatyambo zokuhomba zeherbaceous), kunye neesentimitha ezingama-40 ukuba ufuna ntoni Kukuba nemithi, izihlahla kunye / okanye nemithi yesundu.
2. Emva koko, iisampulu nganye ibekwa kwisitya kwaye kudityaniswa amanzi afakiweyo. Umlinganiselo kufuneka ube ngu-1: 1, umzekelo, i-200 gram yomhlaba exutywe ne-200 ml yamanzi adibeneyo. Emva koko uvuselele kakuhle de kube yifomathi yokuncamathisela.
3. Emva kweeyure eziyi-1-2, faka ipH strip (njenge estas) ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi onayo. Kwimeko apho ungaqinisekiswanga sisiphumo, ungathandabuzi ukuthatha iisampulu kwakhona.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukukhulisa i-pH yomhlaba?

Ukuba umhlaba sinayo i-asidi kwaye sifuna ukuba ingathathi cala, kufuneka senze ntoni yigalele ngelitye lekalika. Umaleko olungileyo, omalunga nee-intshi ezine ubukhulu, uxutywe kakuhle nomhlaba wengingqi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ugcine engqondweni ukuba oku kukodwa akwanele.

Kuyimfuneko ukuthatha iisampuli amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-pH ayiphinde yehle, kwaye kuyacetyiswa kananjalo ukuba xa kulinywa umhlaba okhutshwe emngxunyeni wokutyala uxutywe kunye nemiqolo yezorhwebo ene-pH ephezulu ye-6.5 okanye ngaphezulu .

Ungayithoba njani i-pH yomhlaba?

Ukuthoba ubunzima ngakumbi. Ngokwesiqhelo imimandla apho kukho umhlaba wealkaline kukwakho namanzi asetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela i-pH yayo iphezulu, kwaye yinto eyenzekayo kwiindawo ezininzi zeMeditera umzekelo. Ke ngoko, kukho imisebenzi embalwa ekufuneka uyenzile:

Eyokuqala inxulumene nomhlaba. Ukunciphisa i-pH yayo, ii-substrates ezine-pH esezantsi kufuneka zongezwe amatyeli aliqela ngonyaka., ezinje ngepeat moss (iyathengiswa apha) okanye ifayibha yekhokhonathi (iyathengiswa apha), kwaye uyixube kakuhle. Kwangokunjalo, xa kutyalwa, kuya kwenziwa umngxuma omkhulu- i-1 x 1 yemitha yeyona ilungileyo- kwaye iya kugcwaliswa ngemiqatha yeasidi (enje enye).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka ujonge i-pH yamanzi asetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela, NgeepH strips okanye imitha. Ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-6.5, kuya kufuneka yehliswe ngokudibanisa nejusi yelamuni okanye iviniga. Isixa sokugalela siya kuxhomekeka ekubeni i-pH iphezulu kangakanani, kodwa kukunika umbono: ukuba ngu-8, gcwalisa ibhotile yamanzi eyi-1,5 litre kwaye uyixube nencindi yesiqingatha selamuni. Hlanganisa, kwaye ukuba ubona ukuba isephezulu, yongeza ijusi yelamuni.

Umjelo wamanzi omhlaba

El inkqubo yogutyulo Esinye isihloko ebendingafuni ukuyeka ukuthetha nawe ngaso. Kwaye ngaba izityalo ezininzi zinobunzima xa zikhulile kumhlaba ohlangeneyo. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye le yokuhambisa amanzi? Singatsho ukuba Kulula ukuba umhlaba ukwazi ukufunxa nokucoca amanzi.

Umzekelo, ukuba emva kwemvula enkulu isiza sikhukula ngamanzi iisentimitha ezingama-60, kunye nemigxobhozo ehlala iintsuku ezininzi, loo mhlaba awunamanzi kakuhle; kodwa ukuba ngokuchaseneyo ihlala iiyure ezimbalwa, kuya kuba kulungile.

Wazi njani ukuba umhlaba unamanzi ahamba kakuhle?

Indlela ekhawulezayo nelula yokufumanisa ukuba ukwenza umngxunya nokuwuzalisa ngamanzi. Ukuba umjelo ulungile, siya kubona ukuba amanzi aqala ukucoca ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala siwathululela ngaphakathi, kwaye ikwenza oko ngesantya esihle.

Ungawuphucula njani umjelo womhlaba?

Zininzi iindlela zokuphucula:

• Faka inkqubo yemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi kunye neempompo.
• Yenza iqula okanye ijelo. Unokude ubeke iityhubhu zokuqokelela amanzi ezizijongise kuyo, kwaye ke ube nakho ukuba namanzi emvula okunkcenkceshela xa kukho imfuneko.
• Xa usenza umngxunya wokutyala, wenze ube mkhulu, 1 x 1m, ukongeza umaleko otyebileyo (malunga ne-30-40cm) wodongwe lwentaba-mlilo okanye igrabile, emva koko udibanise ipeat neperlite encinci.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Iinkqubo zokuphucula umjelo womhlaba

Njengoko ubona, umhlaba ubaluleke kakhulu kwizityalo. Ukwazi le sinayo kuya kusinceda silime igadi entle kunye / okanye igadi yeziqhamo.