Konke odinga ukukwazi ngama-succulents

Uma sikhuluma ngama-succulent sibhekisa ochungechungeni lwezitshalo ezihlala ezindaweni lapho imvula ingavamisile ukuna kakhulu. Ukusinda, abakwenzile kube ukuguqula kancane kancane, ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ngisho nezigidi zeminyaka, amaqabunga kanye / noma iziqu ezitolo zabo zamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu kubhuka ziyakwazi ukukhula ehlane.

Kepha kunokudideka okuningi ngokuthi kuyini emnandi, futhi nangaphezulu ukunakekelwa abakudingayo. Ukuzama ukuzixazulula sizokunikeza i-athikili ezenza sengathi yiyo umhlahlandlela mega zalezi zitshalo ezinhle eziphuma kule bhulogi, Jardinería On.

Ziyini izitshalo ezinomsoco?

Uma siqala kuleli gama, elimnandi, livela ku-Latin succulentus okusho ukuthi kunamanzi kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunengxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zesitshalo (amaqabunga, iziqu, isiqu) okuvumela ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu kunezinye izitshalo.

Zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ama-cacti, ama-succulents nezitshalo ezine-caudex noma izitshalo ze-caudiciform.

cactus

ICacti yilezo zitshalo, ngokuvamile, esingasho ukuthi zibonakala ngokuba nameva adala umonakalo omkhulu kulabo abalokotha ukuzithinta, noma abazihlikihla ngokunganaki. Kepha, Kuthiwani uma ngikutshela ukuthi ameva akulona uphawu lolu hlobo lwama-succulent?

Ubungeke ungikholwe, angithi? Ngiyakuqonda, kepha… njengoba nginjalo kufanele ngikutshele okuthile: kunezinhlobo ezingenazo izicubu noma ezinazo mfushane kakhulu kangangokuthi azibonakali. Izibonelo ziningi: I-Astrophytum asterias, Astrophytum cv Nudum, Echinopsis subdenudata, Trichocereus pachanoi, Myrtillocactus geometrizans, Lophophora williamsii kanye neL. Diffussa,...

Ameva awusizo kakhulu kulezo zitshalo ezinazo: Zibavikela kancane elangeni, zivimbela izilwane ekuzidleni futhi ziyabasiza nokuthi baqoqe amanzi amaningi. Amaphi amanzi? Umbethe, kunjalo. Amaconsi ahlala kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-cactus, futhi nameva okuthi, njengoba ekhula kancane abheke phezulu, amanzi ashibilika abheke esitshalweni, lapho angangena khona ezimbotsheni anazo ebusweni bakhe.

Yini okufanele siyibheke lapho sifuna ukwazi ukuthi isitshalo siyinhlanzi noma omunye umnandi? E-areolas. Kuwo kuphuma ameva -uma enawo- nezimbali. Zisezimbanjeni, okuyizakhiwo ezakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukugwema ukulahleka ngokweqile kwamanzi ngokuhwamuka.

ICacti ithatha izinhlobo ezimbili zomumo: ikholamu, ukwazi ukufinyelela kubude obufinyelela kumamitha ayishumi, noma imbulunga, kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanye ama-epiphyte, afana neSchlumbergera, namanye akha amaqoqo anamaswidi amaningi, njenge Mamillaria elongata isibonelo.

Badabuka eMelika, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni emaphakathi.

AmaSucculents

Ama-succulents, ama-succulents noma ama-non-cacti succulents yiwo amukela ukwakheka futhi anemibala engaphutha kalula ngemisebenzi emincane eyenziwe ngumdwebi. Ngenhlanhla ngathi (mhlawumbe hhayi kakhulu emaphaketheni ethu) yizinto eziphilayo, njengoba sizobona kamuva, kulula ukuzinakekela.

Zihluke kanjani ku-cacti? Ngokuyinhloko, ezintweni ezimbili: awanazo izigaxa zezimbali futhi izimbali zihluma esiqwini esibulalayookungukuthi, ngokushesha nje lapho izimbali zibuna, isiqu naso sizobuna. Amaqabunga kanye / noma iziqu ziyinyama, futhi zingaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene: zinwetshiwe, zicishe zibhebhe, zikhule ngendlela ye-rosette, mncane, ... Kukhona ezinye ezinokuthile okufana nameva, njenge I-Euphorbia enopla, kepha lokhu akuveli kuma-areola, kepha kuvela esiqwini uqobo.

Kakhulu, kufaka lokhu izitshalo compact, engadluli amasentimitha angamashumi amathathu noma amashumi amane ukuphakama. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ezinye ezinesimo se-bushy, ezinokuphakama okungafika kumamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu, njengoba kunjalo nge UCrassula ovata.

Ngokuyinhloko badabuka e-Afrika, yize betholakala naseYurophu.

Izitshalo ezine-caudex

Ekugcineni, sinezitshalo ezine-caudex noma i-caudiciforms. Zingezinye zezitshalo ezinelukuluku kakhulu, ngoba ngokusobala ziyizitshalo, ake sithi, zijwayelekile, zinamaqabunga nezimbali ezijwayelekile, kepha isiqu ... isiqu senza okuthile okungekho sihlahla esingakwenza: gcina amanzi ngobuningi bawo.

Ngenxa yalolu hlelo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, bangakwazi ukumelana nezikhathi ezinde zesomiso kahle. Eqinisweni, uma benenkinga, kunezinhlobo ezikhetha ukudela amagatsha. Yebo, yebo: uma besenkingeni, bayayeka ukondla igatsha baliqede. Bese bevala isilonda, ne-voila. Ngale ndlela, ngeke kudingeke bachithe amanzi angaka.

Singabathola e-Afrika, okwaziwa kakhulu ukuthi yi I-Adenium obesum (Ugwadule lwenyuka), I-Fockea edulis y ICyphostemma juttae.

Banakekelwa kanjani?

Manje njengoba sesinokuncane okuncane ukuthi sinombono wokuthi injani i-succulent ngayinye, yisikhathi sokudlulela ekunakekelweni abakudingayo. Lapho sifuna ukuba neqoqo elincane, noma uma sifuna ukuba nezitshalo ezinamanzi kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi kuzodingeka kakhulu banikeze uchungechunge lokunakwa ukuze babukeke futhi babe nempilo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi ngizihlakulela, ngizotusa okulandelayo:

Beka ama-succulent akho endaweni ekhanyayo

Ukuze ukhule futhi ube nentuthuko enhle kakhulu, lokhu mhlawumbe kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele wazi. Azikhuli kahle ezindaweni ezinomthunziNoma kulezo lapho zingatholi khona ilanga ngqo okungenani amahora amahlanu. Vele, uma bethengiwe enkulisa lapho bevikelwe khona enkosini yenkanyezi, akufanele bavezwe kuyo ngokungazelelwe ngoba uma kungenjalo bangasha.

Ukuze bajwayele kancane kancane, amasonto amabili bazobekwa endaweni lapho ilanga likhanya khona ihora, amabili kunawo wonke. Isonto lesithathu nelesine, sizokwelula isikhathi sokuvezwa ngo-1-2h. Okuningi; njalonjalo ngokuqhubekayo size sikwazi ukubashiya usuku lonke. Uma sibona ukuthi amabala abomvu noma ansundu aqala ukuvela, sizohamba kancane. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo, lapho ilanga lingakabi namandla kakhulu.

Kukhona okuhlukile futhi kunjalo I-Haworthia. Lawa ma-succulents akhetha ukuba semthunzini omncane, ngaphandle kokukhanya okuqondile.

Sebenzisa ama-substrates anomsele omuhle kakhulu

Inhlabathi lapho zikhula khona endaweni yazo yemvelo inesihlabathi, nenhle kakhulu amanzi. Awukwazi ukubeka i-substrate engakhiphi amanzi kahle ngoba uma wenza kanjalo, izimpande zizobola. Yingakho mina uqobo Ngincoma ukumane ngisebenzise i-pumice, noma uma ungakwazi ukuyithola, ipeat emnyama exutshwe ne- perlite, arlite noma isihlabathi somfula sigezwe ngezingxenye ezilinganayo.

Enye inketho kungaba ukuthenga i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo ye-cacti, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ayinayo ipayipi abathi banalo. Uma ungabaza, kungcono ukuyixuba nenye yezinto okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla (ubumba, i-perlite, isihlabathi somfula).

Nisela lapho i-substrate isomile

Ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izitshalo, kanye nakweziphuzo. Ehlobo kufanele baniselwe isilinganiso esiphindwe kabili ngesonto, kuthi phakathi nonyaka wonke kube isilinganiso esisodwa. Kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi imvamisa empeleni izoncika kakhulu esimweni sezulu esinaso nokuthi i-substrate ihlala imanzi isikhathi esingakanani.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze kungabikho zinkinga, kufanele uhlole umswakama ngokwenza enye yalezi zinto:

• Yethula induku encane yokhuni: uma iphuma ihlanzekile impela lapho ikhishwa, sizonisela njengoba i-substrate izokoma.
• Usebenzisa imitha yomswakama edijithali: lapho yethulwa emhlabathini, izokhombisa khona manjalo ukuthi imanzi yini noma cha. Ngeluleka ukuthi ngiyethule kwezinye izindawo (eduze kwesitshalo, eduze komphetho webhodwe) ukuyenza ithembeke kakhulu.
• Linganisa ibhodwe uma selinisele futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa: i-substrate enomswakama isisindo esingaphezu kwesomile. Lo mehluko wesisindo ungasebenza njengesiqondisi.

Lapho kufika ubusika, ukuthambisa akufanele kunganakwa. Akukuhle ukubayeka bashwabane, ngoba uma befika kuleli qophelo kuzosho ukuthi bomile kakhulu kuze kwadingeka ukuthi bacishe baqedele izindawo zabo zokugcina amanzi. Imvamisa yokuchelela kufanele yehle, kepha ungalokothi uvumele izitshalo ziye kulokhu kweqisa.

Uma unepuleti ngaphansi kwazo, Sizosusa amanzi amaningi ngokweqile ngemuva kwemizuzu eyishumi ukunisela.

Zalisa njalo

Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, okungukuthi, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, Kumele zikhokhelwe ukuze zikhule, zikhule, kuthi lapho isikhathi sifika, zichume futhi zithele izithelo.. Abakwazi ukuphila ngamanzi wodwa, kodwa uma benikezwa umquba onganele ngeke bakwazi nokwenza okuningi. Ake ngichaze: lapho zivela khona, akukho lutho olubolayo olubolayo, ngakho-ke ama-succulents aguquke ukuze amunce amaminerali atholakala enhlabathini.

Uma sibafaka umanyolo ophilayo, kuzoba sengathi asenzanga lutho, ngoba abazi ukuthi bangakusebenzisa kanjani. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umanyolo wezimbiwa, kungaba wuketshezi noma ngamagreyidi. Ezinkulisa sithola Umanyolo we-cacti nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-succulent, kepha futhi singasebenzisa I-nitrophoska eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-Osmocote. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele silandele imiyalo ebekiwe kupakethe futhi singadluli ngomthamo.

Shintsha imbiza noma nini lapho beyidinga

Enye yezinkinga abanazo iziphuzo ezinoshukela ukuthi awajwayele ukushintshwa imbiza. Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi bancane nokuthi ngeke besakhula, kepha iqiniso yilokho uma bechitha isikhathi esiningi esitsheni esifanayo bagcina sebebuthaka ekugcineni, ukukhula kabi kanye / noma ukufa ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwendawo namaminerali.

Ngakho-ke, Kumele sishintshe ibhodwe ngokushesha lapho sizithenga uma nje kuyintwasahlobo noma ihlobo, futhi abekho ezimbali futhi futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Lesi siqukathi singenziwa ngepulasitiki noma ngobumba, okwakamuva kunconywa ikakhulukazi njengoba kuvumela izimpande ukuthi zibambeke kangcono; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwengeziwe.

Manje, uma uhlela ukuba neqoqo, amapulasitiki agcina esenzuzo enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma uthenga lawo enzelwe ukuba angaphandle. Banenani eliphakeme ngandlela thize, kepha okubalulekile kuyamelana nezimo zemvelo.

Baphindaphinde entwasahlobo noma ehlobo

Uma ufuna ukuba nezinhlobo ezintsha singenza okulandelayo: hlwanyela imbewu yabo noma usike. Ungaqhubeka kanjani esimweni ngasinye?:

Imbewu

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yenza okulandelayo:

1. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukugcwalisa ibhodwe nge-substrate ekhipha kahle, njengaleyo esishilo ngaphambili.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, iyaniselwa ngokucophelela, isimanzise kahle.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu isakazeka ngaphezulu, izama ukuhlukaniswa kancane.
4. Bese zimbozwa ngendwangu encane kakhulu ye-substrate.
5. Ekugcineni, umbhede wembewu ufakwa ngaphakathi kwepuleti elinomthunzi omncane noma ithileyi, bese kuthelwa amanzi kuthileyi.

Isikhathi sokuhluma siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo olulodwa kuye kolunye. Abanye bathatha izinsuku ezintathu kanti kukhona okunye okungathatha izinyanga ezimbili.

Izithelo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-stem noma ama-cuttings amaqabunga, kungakuhle ukulandela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Okokuqala, lawo masiki (amaqabunga noma iziqu) abukeka enempilo futhi aqinile kufanele akhethwe.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho ibhodwe ligcwaliswa nge-substrate efanelekile.
3. Bese bebekwa belele phansi ebhodweni, ekugcineni okubahlanganisile nesitshalo sikamama kungcwatshwe kancane. Endabeni yokusikwa kwe-Aeonium, zingatshalwa ziqonde ngaphandle kwenkinga.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, iyaniselwa ngokucophelela.
5. Ekugcineni, ibhodwe lifakwa endaweni lapho elangeni ngqo.

Esikhathini sezinsuku ezimbalwa (isonto noma amabili ngokuningi) bazogxila.

Zivikele kwizilokazane nezifo

Yize ziyizitshalo ezingamelana neze nezinambuzane nezifo, kufanele ubuke ama-mollusks (iminenke y ama-slugs) kanye ne- izintwala. Ezokuqala ziyakwazi ukuzidla ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nje, kanti ezokugcina ziyizinambuzane ezidla iziqu zezimbali kanye nezimbali ezingakavulwa. Ukuze uzelaphe kufanele usebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile, noma zemvelo ezifana uwoyela we-neem.

Kufanele futhi uqaphele ukuthi unganiseli ngokweqile, ngoba ngokwenza njalo izimpande zaziminyaniswa bese izitshalo zibola ngokushesha. Uma sibona ukuthi ziqala ukuthamba kakhulu, sizonciphisa impilo yazo, sizisuse ezimbizeni bese sivumela i-substrate yome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuyitshala futhi.

Qaphela amakhaza nesithwathwa

Iningi ayimelani namakhaza noma amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -2ºC. Isichotho singadala umonakalo omkhulu emaqabunga ama-succulents nama-caudiciforms, kanye ne-cacti. Uma ungabaza, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukuzivimbela ngokuzigcina zisezindlini, egumbini elikhanyayo kakhulu elivikelwe kokungakapheli.

Izintshisekelo zabashukela

Ukuqedela, ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izifiso zalezi zitshalo ezinhle kakhulu:

Ama-cactus curiosities

• Umndeni wakwaCactaceae wakhiwe ngokuphelele Izinhlobo ezingama-170, enezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2000.
• Ubulili I-Pereskia kubhekwa njengesidala kunazo zonke. Inamaqabunga, ama-areoles, nameva, futhi yavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-40 edlule.
• Uma uhlelo lwempande lukha phezulu, kepha lungaba lude impela. Ikholamu, njenge ICarnegiea gigantea (I-Saguaro) zingaba nezimpande ezingafika kumamitha amabili ubude.
• Yonke i-cacti khiqiza izimbali, kepha ezindaweni zokugcina izingane nasezitolo zensimu izikhathi eziningi bashaywa ukuze bathengise ngaphezulu.
• El ikhompyutha ye-cactus (UCereus peruvianus) ayivikeli emisebeni. Ukuze sibe wusizo ngempela kuzodingeka sibeke izibonelo zalesi silwane ezihlanganisa yonke imonitha, okusobala ukuthi akwenziwa.
• Hay i-hallucinogenic cactus, njenge- i-peyote (Lophophora williamsii) noma San Pedro (UTrichocereus pachanoi). Kokubili kusetshenziswe kumasiko we-shamanic ngokuba ngama-hallucinogens anamandla.
• La ipheya elihlabayo (I-Opuntia ficus-indica) inezinto zokwelapha: izithelo zayo ziyaphambana. Yize kungeyena yedwa: the I-Corryocactus brevistylus isetshenziswa njenge-laxative.
• I-saguaro (ICarnegiea gigantea) kungenzeka ibe nokufika ku- 8000 amalitha amanzi ngaphakathi.

Izintshisakalo zemifino emnandi ne-caudiciform

• I-photosynthesis eyenziwe yiCrassulaceae iqukethe izigaba ezimbili: ukukhanya okukhiqizwa emini kukhipha isikhutha (CO2) nokukhiqiza ukudla, kanye nokwenziwa (ebusuku) kulapho bemunca khona i-CO2. Kuyaziwa njenge-CAM photosynthesis, noma i-crassulaceae acid metabolism.
• I-Los i-sempervivum Bangabanye babambalwa abakwaziyo ukumelana nesithwathwa kuye ku -4ºC, yize yebo, isichotho singabalimaza ngaphandle kokuthi bavikeleke kancane.
• I-Las i-caudiciform bayizitshalo ze ukukhula okuhamba kancane kakhulu. Amaningi aweqi ku-5cm / ngonyaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi baguqukele ekuzivumelaniseni nemvelo lapho izimo zingafanele kakhulu ukuthuthuka okusheshayo. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sivame ukuba side: ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-300.

Futhi ngalokhu senziwe. Ucabangani ngama-succulent?