Umndeni I-Araliaceae Yakhiwe cishe yizinhlobo ezingama-50 nezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezingu-1000, lapho kutholakala khona izitshalo ezivamile njenge ivy, lo umpheki futhi i i-aralia, nezinye futhi zaziwa kakhulu kepha azitshalwa kangako engadini, njenge-ginseng. Izici ezijwayelekile zezitshalo zalo mndeni yilezi amaqabunga esundu kanye nama-inflorescence abumbeke njenge-umbel.
Okuningi komndeni I-Araliaceae Ziyizihlahla ezinokubukeka okunelukuluku kakhulu, kepha zoma amagatsha amaningi lapho ziqhakaza. Kungakho iningi lalezo ezikhulisiwe ziyizihlahla, ezinezihlahla ezimbalwa ezishaya ngokukhethekile. Ngokulandelayo sizobona izici nokunakekelwa kwezinye zezitshalo zalo mndeni esetshenziswa kakhulu engadini.
i-aralia elata (i-aralia ejwayelekile)
Lezi zinhlobo zikhula njengesihlahla esinqumayo esinamagatsha amile mpo, afana kakhulu nokubukeka kwe-ailanthus noma i-sumac. Amaqabunga awo abumbene bipinnateNgamanye amagama, iqabunga ngalinye eliphelele lakhiwa "ngegatsha" lapho kuvela khona "amagatsha" amaningi (njengethambo lenhlanzi), okuvela kuwo amapheshana (abizwa ngokuthi ama-pinnae noma amapheshana). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaqabunga, izitshalo ezinikeza igama emndenini I-Araliaceae zehluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo. I-inflorescence yayo ayikhombisi kakhulu, yize kungenxa yokuthi igcwele izithelo ezibomvu. Awavamile ukufinyelela ku-5m ukuphakama. Kuyinto yomdabu ku- IJapan neKorea, lapho isetshenziswa khona njengokudla.
Leli ikakhulukazi alisetshenziswa kakhulu eSpain, kepha lisetshenziswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilimo ezinamaqabunga ahlukahlukene. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi yize ibekezelela amazinga okushisa asondele ku -30ºC (eyanele ukuyikhulisa ezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu), ayimi kahle ukushisa nokuntuleka komswakama ongokwemvelo. Udinga inhlabathi ehlala inomswakama kodwa ekhishwe kahle, yize ungenandaba kakhulu ne-pH noma ukuthungwa.
ICussonia paniculata (isihlahla sentaba iklabishi)
Kuyisihlahlana noma isithombo esincane esinegatsha esifinyelela ku-3m noma 5m, kuya nge-subspecies. Umboko wayo ujiyile impela, ikakhulukazi phansi, unamagxolo ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ihlala eningizimu ne-Afrika, ngakho konke INingizimu Afrika kanye neningizimu yeBotswana. Inamaqabunga kuphela, amakhulu kakhulu, ekugcineni kwamagatsha. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe namasundu, aluhlaza noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala. Ama-subspecies paniculata mancane, anamaqabunga abushelelezi, futhi atholakala kuphela e-Eastern Cape. I-sinnuata subspecies inkulu, inamaqabunga ajulile futhi isatshalaliswa kabanzi. I-inflorescence yayo ibukeka njengezindlebe zommbila eziphethwe yizinti eziphuma ekugcineni kwamagatsha.
Ifunelwa kakhulu izingadi zasogwadule ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okunesifiso sokumelana namakhaza (kuze kube cishe -7ºC), ukushisa nesomiso. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ngamaqoqo e-caudiciform ngenxa ye-caudex eyakha isencane. Udinga kahle kakhulu ukukhipha inhlabathi engabambi amanzi amaningi. Ithanda ukuba selangeni eligcwele, kepha ibekezelela umthunzi othile.
ICussonia spicata (isihlahla seklabishi)
Lolu hlobo lukhula lube yisihlahla esikhulu (kufika ku-15m ukuphakama), okungesinye sezikhulu kunazo zonke emndenini. I-Araliaceae. Banamagatsha ambalwa, ngisho nokwakha kahle igatsha, into engajwayelekile kulo mndeni. Amaqabunga awo ahlanganiswe kabili ngesundu (elinye isundu lisuka ekugcineni "komunwe" ngamunye), liluhlaza ngokugqamile ngombala. Isiqu sinamagxolo amancane, kodwa siba sikhulu kakhulu. Ama-inflorescence afana kakhulu nalawa C. paniculata, kepha incane futhi iningi kakhulu. Hlalisa i izindawo ezinomswakama eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika.
Ayisetshenziswa kabanzi eSpain ngoba ayimeli amakhaza kahle kakhulu (kuze kube cishe -2ºC) futhi nasezindaweni ezisogwini kuvame ukungafinyeleli kosayizi abakhulu. Idinga ukuniselwa kaningi, ikakhulukazi lapho isencane. Akufuneki kakhulu ngenhlabathi, yize ibathanda ngomsele omuhle.
UFatsia japonica (I-aralia yaseJapan)
Iba yisihlahla esingaba ngu-2 noma u-3m ukuphakama futhi sibe banzi kancane uma kuselangeni eligcwele. Inamaqabunga esundu anombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi acwebezela kakhulu. Kunezilimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene, ezifunwa kakhulu ngemuva kokuba 'yi-variegata' kanye 'newebhu yesicabucabu'. Lesi sitshalo sivame ukwakhiwa ngeziqu eziningi ezingagciniwe eziphuma phansi, zinamaqabunga kuwo wonke amagatsha, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezindala ezinokuphela kokuphela. Ama-inflorescence ayo afana nalawo we-ivy, kepha i-globose engaphezulu. Kugcwele eJapan.
Esinye sezitshalo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengesitshalo sasendlini, kepha sikhula kangcono kakhulu ngaphandle, lapho sithanda ukuba semthunzini omncane, kepha sibekezelela kusuka emthunzini ogcwele kuya elangeni eligcwele. Ithanda ihlobo elipholile nelinomswakama, ngakho ezindaweni ezifudumele kungcono ukuyikhulisa emthunzini. Mayelana ne- substrate, uyifuna ihlale imanzi kepha ingabi manzi, ngakho-ke idinga ukukhishwa okufanele. Ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kepha ayibekezeleli isihlabathi esiningi kakhulu noma i-pH ephezulu kakhulu. Imelana namazinga okushisa asondela ku- -10ºC.
IHedera helix (ivy)
Esinye sezitshalo zokuqwala ezisetshenziswa kakhulu engadini. Izinhlobo zasendle zingakhuphuka zifike cishe ku-10m ukuphakama (noma ziye phezulu ekusekelweni kwayo, lapho zixhuma khona ngezimpande ezithandekayo), lapho iqala khona ukubeka phansi amagatsha aminyene, yakha uhlobo lwenkomishi nezimbali. Inezinhlobo ezimbili zamaqabunga, ezine-webbed, ezitholakala eziqwini zokukhuphuka, nezinye ezinesimo esiyindilinga esitholakala ezinhlangeni zezimbali. Kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanyelo, ezinamaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo nemibala ehlukahlukene, nezinhlobo ezintathu zokukhula eziyisisekelo: leso sesitshalo esidala, esifana naleso sasendle; isitshalo sentsha (zigcina ukubukeka kwe-ivy yasendle yeminyaka embalwa empilweni yabo yonke), okuyizilimo zemifino ezisetshenziswa njengesitshalo esilenga; nezihlahla, ezihlala zikhula njengamagatsha eziqhakaza Ama-inflorescence angama-globose umbels, anezimbali ezimhlophe, futhi ngokuvamile atholakala kuphela kumqhele. Inendawo enkulu yokwabiwa, yonke iningizimu nentshonalanga yeYurophu, enyakatho ye-Afrika nase-Asia, kusuka eNdiya kuya eJapan.
Isetshenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kepha iyohlala ikhula kangcono ngaphandle, lapho yakha khona iziqu ezihlaba umxhwele. Amagatsha akhuphukayo ancamela ukuba semthunzini omncane, kepha uma ufuna ukuthi igcwale izimbali, kungcono elangeni eligcwele, lapho izokwakha khona amagatsha ezimbali kuso sonke isitshalo. Izilimo zemifino ngokuvamile aziqhakazi futhi zikhula kahle emthunzini omncane. Ayifuneki ngohlobo lomhlabathi noma isimo sezulu, noma kungakuhle ukuthi uyinisele ezindaweni ezomile, ikakhulukazi uma ingekho emthunzini, yize ibekezelela isomiso. Ubulukhuni obubandayo buxhomeke kwisilimo, kepha ngokuvamile bekezelela amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -10ºC, yize kunomonakalo uma zichayeka emoyeni naseqhweni.
X Fatshedera lizei (aralia ivy)
Kuvame ukuthengiswa ezindaweni zokugcina izingane ezibizwa nge-ivy. Empeleni iyi- i-hybrid ye IHedera helix y UFatsia japonica, kuhlanganisa ukukhula kwakho kokubili. Inamaqabunga e-webbed afana ne-ivy, kepha avuleke kakhulu. Okufanayo kwenzeka nge-inflorescence yayo. Ikhula ibe yisihlahlana esinamagatsha okukhala, afana ne-bramble noma i-bougainvillea. Singaba njengesitshalo esikhuphukayo, kepha kuzofanele siboshwe, ngoba asikhiphi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokusekelwa. Kunezilimo eziningi, kepha ezivame kakhulu ziluhlaza okotshani nezinhlobonhlobo, okuvame ukuthengiswa okuncane.
Yokunakekelwa okufana ne- UFatsia japonica: umthunzi omncane, umhlabathi omanzi njalo (yize umelana nesomiso kangcono) ubuncane -10ºC...
I-Panax ginseng (i-ginseng)
Lezi yizitshalo ezincane kakhulu futhi ezingabonakali, ngokuvamile ezingabi ngaphezu kwamaqabunga amane noma amahlanu aphuma emhlabathini. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlaba umxhwele ngalesi sitshalo izimpande zaso eziyizigaxa ezingaba nokubonakala komuntu (kodwa hhayi njengemandrake). Ayisetshenziswa engadini, kepha isetshenziswa njengesitshalo eselaphayo. Amaqabunga awo ahlanganiswe nesundu futhi i-inflorescence yayo iyimbumba eyodwa yeglobose yezimbali ezimhlophe. Isithelo sawo sibomvu. Ikhula ezindaweni ezibandayo zase-Asia.
Ngokuqondene nokunakekelwa, idinga inhlabathi evulekile enemisele emihle yokuthuthukisa impande kahle, ene-pH ene-asidi encane. Imelana namazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -20ºC (kungafika ku -40ºC uma igcinwe yomile, ngaphandle kwalokho kubola), kepha hhayi ukushisa. Futhi ayisekeli ilanga eliqondile, ngakho-ke idinga ukukhula ngomthunzi noma ngomthunzi omncane. Mayelana nokunisela, ihlala ifuna umswakama othile ku-substrate, kepha ayikwazi ukuma amanzi.
I-Pseudopanax ferox
Isitshalo esinelukuluku lokwazi, kutholakala eNew Zealand, okungathathwa njengenye ye- izihlahla eziyivelakancane emhlabeni. Iqala ngokwakha isiqu esiqondile, ngaphandle kwamagatsha, okuvela kuwo amaqabunga amade, amancane, ansundu, aqinile anameva. Eminyakeni eyi-10-15 ubudala, lapho cishe ingu-4m ubude, iqala ukuba negatsha futhi ikhule ngamaqabunga amafushane futhi abanzi, ngaphandle kwameva, aqinile futhi abe nombala oluhlaza okwengeziwe. Uma isitholile lezi zici, ingaqala ukuqhakaza, yakhe ama-gloze inflorescence anganakwa. Ifinyelela kubude obungu-6m. Isizathu sokukhula okuyinqaba ukujwayela ukugwema ukudliwa ama-moas, izinyoni ezinkulu ezifana ne-emus esanda kuphuma.
Idinga i-substrate enamanzi amaningi, kepha yize ukubukeka kwayo kusikisela okunye, ayimelani nesomiso, idinga i-substrate ehlala imanzi njalo. Kungaba elangeni eligcwele noma emthunzini omncane. Noma kunjalo imelana namazinga okushisa asondele ku -10ºC, idinga ukuvikelwa emimoyeni ebandayo.
I-Schefflera arboricola (umpheki)
Esinye isitshalo esivame kakhulu njengesitshalo sezindlu. Ngaphandle, etshalwe emhlabathini, yakha isihlahla esikhulu, amamitha ambalwa ukuphakama futhi angaba ngamamitha amane ububanzi, yize ezindaweni ezishisayo iba isihlahla. Amaqabunga awo ahlanganiswe nesundu, aluhlaza okomnyama, yize ama-variegated specimens evame ukuthengiswa, anamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani anezindawo eziphuzi. Ikhula njenge-shrub ejwayelekile, enamagatsha egatsha kusuka phansi kakhulu. Ama-inflorescence ama-panicles avela ngokukhululekile, anezimbali eziphuzi nezithelo ezincane ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Abomdabu baseTaiwan naseHainan.
Ziyizitshalo ezingamelana kakhulu nezikwazi ukumelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, yize zithanda izitshalo ezikhanywa kahle. Kubekezelela nesomiso namanzi amaningi. Kungaba kokubili elangeni eligcwele nasemthunzini omncane. Ngomthunzi ogcwele ivame ukusinda eminyakeni embalwa, kepha ayikhuli kahle. Ngokuphathelene nokumelana nokubanda, iphethe okuncane okungaphansi kuka - 3ºC, kepha ngomonakalo, neqhwa lishisa amaqabunga.
I-Schefflera actinophylla (isihlahla se-octopus)
njenge S. arboricolaKuvame kakhulu njengesitshalo sangaphakathi, kepha lokhu kujwayelekile kakhulu ukubona ngaphandle ezindaweni ezisogwini. Iba yisihlahla esiphakathi nendawo esinamagatsha amancane, ubude kakhulu kunokubanzi. Amaqabunga awo ahlanganiswe nesundu, kepha enemilenga engaphezulu kwayi-10 futhi "iminwe" emikhulu (amapheshana), okuyenza ibonakale kahle kakhulu futhi ishise kakhulu. Ama-inflorescence ama-panicles amakhulu anjenge-radial anezimbali ezibomvana, okunika igama lesihlahla se-octopus. Ikhula emahlathini emvula ase-Australia, eNew Guinea naseJava.
Lidinga inhlabathi ekhishwe kahle namanzi amaningi isencane. Ibekezelela umthunzi othile, kepha incamela ukuba selangeni eligcwele, ngokushisa nokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokombono ifinyelela cishe ku -3ºC, kepha iqhwa isisekelo ngokushesha lapho yehla ngezansi -1ºC, ngakho Kunconywa kuphela ukuyikhulisa ezindaweni ezingenamakhaza.
Abapheki abaphuza amakhaza
Yize kungavamisile ukuthi kukhuliswe futhi kuthengiswe ngamanani aphezulu, kunezinhlobo eziningi zabapheki eziphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa. Iningi lalezi zinhlobo izihlahla noma izithombo ezincane ezinamagatsha amancane ezinamaqabunga esundu anezincwajana ezinhle, kepha kukhona ezinye, ezifana I-Schefflera macrophylla, inamaqabunga angaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 ubude namapheshana abanzi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile bahlala amahlathi amafu ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.
Imvamisa badinga inhlabathi ekhishwe kahle ehlala igcinwe imanzi futhi inomthunzi othile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile abakubekezeleli ukushisa ngaphandle kokuthi kube nomswakama omkhulu, kodwa iningi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -10ºC.
I-Tetrapanax papyrifer
Esinye sezitshalo esizohlala sizithola ku izingadi ezishisayo zesimo sezulu esibandayo. Yisihlahla esincane, esinamagatsha amancane kakhulu esingavamile ukudlula u-4m ukuphakama. Inamagxolo aqhekekile kodwa ahlabayo, kepha intshisekelo yawo ilele emaqabungeni ayo amakhulu ane-webbed. Isitshalo sonke simbozwe nge-velvet eza lapho kuthintwa futhi ibangele ukukhwehlela uma uhogela. Lapho ukufaka usayizi wamaqabunga kuncishisiwe, ngakho-ke kuvame ukunconywa ukuthi kushiye igatsha elilodwa kuphela. Ezitshalweni ezindala, izitshalo ezintsha zivela ezimpandeni, ngakho-ke zingaba yingozi ngandlela thile. Ingesinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa zomndeni I-Araliaceae okweqile, kugcwele eTaiwan.
Badinga i-substrate ekhipha kahle ehlala imanzi, futhi yize bebekezelela umthunzi othile, bakhetha ukuba selangeni eligcwele. Zimelana nokushisa kahle, namazinga okushisa duzane no -10ºC. Banobubanzi be-pH ebanzi, kepha emhlabathini oyisisekelo bathambekele kakhulu ku-iron chlorosis.
Lezi yizitshalo ezitshalwe kakhulu zomndeni I-Araliaceae, yize kunezinye eziningi ezithakazelisa ngempela. Ububazi bonke? Uma uyithandile, ngiyakumema ukuthi uyithenge, kunamawebhusayithi amaningi azithengisa ngentengo enhle.