ICherry (iPrunus avium)

Umthi wecherry ngumthi weziqhamo, ewe, kodwa unexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu lokuhombisa. Sisityalo ekuthi entwasahlobo sizaliswe ziintyatyambo ezintle, kuthi ehlotyeni zisinike umthunzi kwaye ekwindla umbala oluhlaza wamagqabi aso unika indlela eyahlukeneyo yeeorenji kunye nobomvu. Njengokuba oko kwakungonelanga, iitsheri kukutya okutyiwayo okumnandi okunokonwabela ngexesha lonyaka elishushu lonyaka.

Inayo yonke. Kwaye iyamelana neqabaka eziphakathi ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ngesi sizathu, sifuna ukuba wazi ngokweenkcukacha umthi wecherry, iindidi zawo, ukulinywa kwawo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, yonke into oyifunayo kufuneka ukwazi ukutyala isampuli kwigadi yeziqhamo -okanye embizeni- kwaye uyenze ihlale ihleli. .. kulungile, yonke iminyaka kufuneka ihlale.

Unjani umthi wecherry?

Umthi we-cherry ngumthi onqabileyo okhula endle eYurophu nakwintshona yeAsia. Ngaphandle kokubizwa njalo, ikwafumana amanye amagama anje ngecherry yasendle, itsheri enencasa okanye itsheri yentaba. Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu IPrunus avium, ngaphambili IPrunus cerassus var. avium. Ikhula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 yeemitha ukuphakama, kwaye ivelise isithsaba esine-branched, enobunzima obungaphezulu okanye obuncinci obubanzi kunye nobubanzi. 

Amagqabi akwiisentimitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-15 ubude neesentimitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-8 ububanzi, kwaye anomda osecaleni, kunye nomphezulu oluhlaza ongentla kunye nomgangatho ongaphantsi we-pubescent. Ekwindla zijika zibe-orenji okanye zibe bomvu ngombala ngaphambi kokuba ziwele emhlabeni.

Injani intyatyambo yetsheri?

Iintyatyambo zayo zivela entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amagqabi ahlume okanye ngaxeshanye nala. Zimhlophe kwaye ziqokelela kwii-inflorescence ezibizwa ngokuba zii-corymbs. Ukuze bavelise iziqhamo badinga uncedo lwezinambuzane ezisasaza umungu, ezinje ngeenyosi, ngaphandle kokuba ziye zamiliselwa.

Isiqhamo?

Isiqhamo yidrupe esiyaziyo njengecherry. Yiglobose drupe enesikhumba esibomvu esimnyama, Malunga nesentimitha ububanzi, kwaye iqulethe imbewu enzima kakhulu, engadliyo (kwaye, enyanisweni, iyityhefu ngokuqulatha ihydrogen cyanide, enokubulala umntu). Igqiba ukuvuthwa ehlotyeni.

Itsheri ityiwa isentsha, okanye enkonkxiwe.

Zingaphi iindidi zemithi yetsheri ekhoyo?

Kwicherry emnandi inye kuphela, eyi IPrunus avium, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwindidi okanye isilimo, sinokufumana iintlobo ezininzi ezifuna iiyure ezingaphezulu okanye ezingaphantsi kwengqele (Oko kukuthi, iiyure apho amaqondo obushushu kufuneka ahlale ephantsi ukuze kamva avelise iziqhamo); kwaye kukho ezinye ezimnandi okanye ezincinci kunezinye. Masibazi:

Ukuqala kwangoko kunye nokuqala kwemithi yeetsheri

Imithi yokuqala yeetsheri yilezo iziqhamo zayo zivuthwa kwangoko, ngokuhambelana nesiqingatha sesibini sentwasahlobo kunye nokuqala kwehlobo.

• IBurlat: Yindalo eyahlukeneyo eSpain, kwaye yeyona ilinywa kakhulu. Ayipheleli nje ekunambithekeni kakhulu, kodwa iyamelana nokuqhekeka. Ifuna ukuchitha phakathi kweeyure ezingama-800 nezili-1000 zokubanda.
• ICristobalina: Olunye uhlobo lweSpanish. Kucetyiswa kakhulu ngemozulu epholileyo, kuba ukuchitha iiyure ezingama-300-350 kubanda kwanele ukuvelisa iziqhamo.
• Bigi yokuqala: luhlobo oluyinyumba oluzenzekelayo, olunencasa encinci enencasa encinci kunaleyo sikuqhelileyo, kodwa ngobukhulu obukhulu. Inovakalelo ekuqhekekeni kweziqhamo. Into emnandi ngayo kukuba "kuphela" kufuneka ibande malunga neeyure ezingama-500.

Ixesha eliphakathi lemithi yeetsheri

Iitsheri ezivuthwa esiphakathini sexesha lonyaka zezo zikulungele ukutyiwa phakathi ekuqaleni nasephakathi kwehlobo.

• IPillory: nayo ivela eCanada. Yindidi evelisa iziqhamo ezininzi, enencasa elungileyo kunye nobungakanani, kwaye nayo leyo ayithandi ukuqhekeka. Ifuna malunga ne-1000-1100 yeeyure zokubanda.
• Ingqungquthela: Luhlobo oluvela eCanada, luqheleke kakhulu, kodwa ukungcoliswa kwalo kunzima kuba kuyinyumba, kwaye ukufumana iintlobo ngeentlobo eziqhakaza ngaxeshanye akusoloko kulula. Ewe, wakuba ufeziwe, umthi uya kuvelisa iziqhamo ezinobungakanani obuhle. Ifuna malunga neeyure ezili-1000 zokubanda.
• SPC 342: Imvelaphi yayo isuka eCanada, iyafana kakhulu neSummit cherry, kodwa umahluko kukuba inemveliso kakhulu kwaye ivelisa iziqhamo eziqinileyo nezinkulu. "Okungalunganga" esinokukufumana xa sikhula kukuba kufuneka kubande malunga neeyure ezili-1000.

Imithi yecherry efika emva kwexesha kunye neyexesha elide

Ixesha langemva kwexesha, okanye elongezelelweyo, imithi yeetsheri yile ivuthwa phakathi phakathi nasekupheleni kwehlobo.

• IsiAmbrunese: I-Ambrunés cherry yaseSpain yindidi esiyaziyo njengeCereza del Jerte. Inencasa emnandi, kwaye inobungakanani obulungileyo. Kwaye ayitsho ukuba ayiqhelekanga. Ifuna malunga neeyure ezingama-800 zokubanda.
• Napoleon: Luhlobo lwecheri ebalaseleyo eJamani: endaweni yokuvelisa iitsheri ezibomvu, ivelisa ezibomvu nezityheli. Inomdla kwimveliso yayo kunye nokuchasana nokuqhekeka, kodwa phantse ayinambitheki. Ifuna malunga neeyure ezili-1100 zokubanda.
• Ilanga: luhlobo oluthile lokuchuma oluvela eCanada. Ivelisa iitsheri ezinkulu, ezinganyangekiyo nokuqhekeka, kwaye zithambile. Ngumthi ekufuneka uchithe malunga ne-1100, XNUMX leyure yengqele ngonyaka.

Ukunyamekelwa komthi weCherry

Unakekelwa njani umthi wecherry? Njengoko ngokuqinisekileyo unamathandabuzo amaninzi malunga nayo, apha ngezantsi siza kuthetha ngayo yonke loo miba ekufuneka uyigcinile engqondweni xa ugcina umthi wakho:

Ubicación

Lo ngumthi weziqhamo othi, Ayifanelanga kukhuliselwa ngaphandle kuphela, kodwa ikwafuneka ukuba imozulu iphakathi, ngehlobo elipholileyo okanye elifudumeleyo kunye nobusika ngeqabaka. Kodwa kwakhona, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba zingaphi iiyure zokubanda ezikhoyo kwindawo yakho kuba kuxhomekeke kuyo kuya kuba ngcono ukhethe olunye uhlobo okanye olunye.

Umhlaba okanye i-substrate

• JadiniNangona inokhetho kulawo mazwe ekalika, ayinyanzelekanga kangako. Kodwa ifuna umhlaba ukuba utyebe ngezinto eziphilayo, kuba awunakukhula kumhlaba ohluphekileyo.
• Imbiza yeentyatyambo: Sithetha ngomthi okungcono ukuba ukhuliswe emhlabeni, kodwa ngexa lobutsha bawo ungakhuliswa embizeni ukuba uzaliswe yi-substrate yegadi yasezidolophini (iyathengiswa apha) okanye i-mulch (iyathengiswa apha) nge-30% perlite (iyathengiswa apha).

Unkcenkceshelo

Ibanga amanzi kakhulu, ifuna malunga ne-1200 mm yemvula ngonyaka. Ke, kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe rhoqo kodwa ngaphandle kokugqitha, malunga nama-3-4 amaxesha ngeveki ehlotyeni, kunye namaxesha ama-1-2 ngeveki unyaka wonke. Ukuba imvula inetha rhoqo ekwindla kunye / okanye ebusika, akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukuba unkcenkceshele rhoqo.

Umbhalisi

Umthi wecherry Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlawule ukusuka esiphelweni sasebusika, ukukunceda uvelise iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye namagqabi, kwade kwasa ukuze iziqhamo zayo zivuthwe ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ngesi sizathu, siza kusebenzisa izichumiso eziphilayo xa kunokwenzeka, kuba ekubeni zitsheri ezityiwayo sifuna ukubanakho ukuzitya ngokukhawuleza xa sele zivuthiwe, ngaphandle kokulinda.

Zeziphi izichumisi oza kuzisebenzisa? Umzekelo, iguano (iyathengiswa apha) ukufakwa ekuqaleni kwesizini kuya kuyinceda iphinde ikhule njengoko ityebile kwi-nitrogen; Kodwa nje ukuba iintyatyambo ziqale ukubuna zivelise iziqhamo, kungangcono ukufaka isichumiso esithile semveliso yeziqhamo, enye ityebile nge potassium. I-Potassium sisondlo esibalulekileyo ekuvuthweni ngokuchanekileyo kweziqhamo.

Ukuthena kwe Cherry

La Ukuthena komthi wecheri ijolise ekuphuculeni imveliso yomthi ngokuwugcina unesakhiwo esifanelekileyo. Ukuthena okuqatha kufuneka kuthintelwe, kuba oku akuyi kuyonakalisa nje kuphela, kodwa kuya kunciphisa nobude bayo bokuphila kuba kuya kuba lula ngakumbi ukuba nezitshabalalisi kunye nokugula zizifo.

Yenziwa nini? Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuyicoca ekwindla, xa sele ephelelwe ngamagqabi, okanye ekupheleni kobusika, ngaphambi kokuphuka kweguni. Ukucocwa »kwesityalo kufuneka kwenziwe; Oko kukuthi, susa amasebe owomileyo, aphukileyo kunye nalawo abonakala egula; kwaye emva koko siya kuqhubeka nokwenza ukunciphisa, kuphela ukuba kukho amasebe ahambanayo, okanye ukuba kukho elinye elikhula ngaphezu kwamanye.

Enye into enokuthi, kwaye enyanisweni kufuneka yenziwe ukwenza ukuqokelelwa kweziqhamo kube lula, kukuthena ukuphakama. Iyenziwa ekupheleni kwehlobo, kwaye ibandakanya "ukuyinyanzela" ukuba ivelise amasebe asezantsi nalawo asezantsi, ukunciphisa lawo anentwana (kuya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani besityalo ekuthethwa ngaso, kodwa ngokubanzi ibe ngaphantsi kwesithathu) ngonyaka ngamnye.

Izinambuzane

Izitshabalalisi zomthi wecherry zezi zilandelayo:

• Bhabha icherry: imibungu yale mpukane itya amacherry. Ziphakathi kweemilimitha ezi-4 nezisi-6 ubude kwaye zimhlophe ngombala. Inganyangwa ngemigibe ethile yolu hlobo lweempukane (ziyathengiswa apha).
• Iintaka: Ayizizo izinambuzane ezinje, kodwa bayakonwabela ukutya iitsheri. Unokuthintelwa ngokubeka izoyikiso.
• Intwala yaseSan Jose: Luhlobo lwesikali, uhlobo lwe-limpet, olutya incindi yamagqabi. Iyapheliswa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (athengiswayo Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo). Olunye ulwazi.
• Zintwala, ngakumbi abamnyama: zizinambuzane ezincinci, malunga ne-0,5 cm ubude, ezondla incindi yomthi, ngakumbi kumagqabi. Kuyaliwa ngemigibe echasene ne-aphid. Olunye ulwazi.

Izifo

Izifo onokuba unayo zezi:

• I-anthracnose: sisifo esidluliselwa kukungunda esibangela ukuvela kwamabala amdaka emagqabini nakwiziqhamo. Inokunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala ukungunda aqukethe ubhedu (uyathengiswa apha). Olunye ulwazi.
• Uvavanyo: eyaziwa ngokuba yi-shot, sisifo sokungunda esichaphazela amagqabi kunye neziqhamo, ezinokubola. Amabala amnyama avela kumacala omabini. Kucetyiswa ukuba unyange ngefungicides ephethe ubhedu ebusika.
• Intsini: sisifo esibangelwa ngundo phytophthora. Umthi onesifo uyakufihla into ebambekayo ngokusebenzisa amanxeba, ihlala ithenwa kakuhle. Iyaliwa ngemingca yokubulala ukungunda, enje nge-oxychloride yethusi ngexesha lonyaka. Olunye ulwazi.
• IGnomonia: Ngundo owonakalisa amagqabi, avela namabala atyheli kumphezulu wawo, nakwiitsheri eziphela ngamabala abomvu. Inokunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala ukungunda aqukethe i-oxide yobhedu, kunye nokususa amalungu achaphazelekayo.
• UMonilia: eyaziwa ngokuba kukubola okumdaka, sisifo sokungunda esidala ukonakala kwamagqabi neziqhamo. Ezi zinto ziyoma zize ekugqibeleni zife. Olona nyango lusebenzayo luthintelo, ngexesha lasekwindla nasebusika, ngeefungicides ezinekopolo. Olunye ulwazi.
• Xyella fastidiosaNangona le yintsholongwane echaphazela ngakumbi imithi yeamangile, inokuchaphazela nemithi yecherry. Amagqabi aya kujongeka ngathi atshisiwe, omile, kwaye aya kuwa ngokukhawuleza. Ayibangeli monakalo kwiziqhamo. Unyango kufuneka lube luthintelo, ukugcina imithi inkcenkceshelwa kakuhle kwaye ichumise, kwaye kuthintelwe ukuthena kakhulu. Olunye ulwazi.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Izifo zomthi weCherry

Ukuphindaphinda

Inokuphindaphindwa ngembewu, nangona eyona ndlela isetyenziswayo kukumilisela. Ngokulinganayo, masibone ukuba zenziwe njani:

Ungayityala njani imbewu yecherry?

Kufuneka zihlwayelwe ekwindla okanye ebusika, kwiimbiza ezinomhlaba wezithole (ziyathengiswa aphaphesheya. Kufuneka babande ukuze bahlume, ke oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Siza kuzibeka kwindawo enelanga, kwaye siza kugcina isiseko sombane sinamanzi. Ngokunjalo, kuyakufuneka ukuba kwenziwe unyango lothintelo ngezibulali-fungic eziqulathe ubhedu ukunqanda ukungunda kungatshabalalisi. Ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle, baya kuhluma entwasahlobo.

Ungamilisela njani umthi wecheri?

Kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kobusika, kwiipateni ezinje ngeSanta Lucía Cherry (IPrunus mahaleb), okanye eminye imithi yetsheri (IPrunus avium). Njengesiphunzi (oko kukuthi isityalo esineengcambu) umthi wecherry osele unesiqu somthi esinamahlathi okanye semifuno kunye namasebe ayasetyenziswa. Kuqhele ukwenziwa ufakelo olucandekileyo, oluquka ukusika isebe lesikhondo seengcambu kunye nokusikeka malunga neesentimitha ezi-3 okanye ezi-4. Emva koko, isebe okanye ukumiliselwa kuyathathwa, kwaye kwaziswa kulo msantsa emva koko yonke into incanyathiselwe kakuhle ngamakhasethi omiliselo, okanye ngentambo yeraffia.

Ukutyala

Ukuba sifuna ukutyala umthi wecherry kwigadi yeziqhamo okanye egadini kufuneka siyenze entwasahlobo. Kwimeko apho sinamanani amaninzi, siya kubeka kumgama omalunga neemitha ezi-3 ukuqelelana.

Kwaye ukuba kuya kufuneka siyisuse embizeni enkulu, siya kuyenza nakweli xesha lonyaka, kodwa kuphela ukuba iingcambu ziyaphuma ngemingxunya yokuhambisa amanzi, okanye ukuba sele iphelile indawo yokuqhubeka nokukhula.

Ukuvuna

Cherry Zivunwa phakathi kwentwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwehlobo, Kuxhomekeke kudidi. Kufuneka yenziwe xa befikelele kubungakanani bokugqibela, kwaye xa buchukumisekile baziva beqinile kodwa bathambile xa becinezelwe kakuhle.

Emva kwexesha, sinokuzisebenzisa ngalo mzuzu, okanye sizigcine kwifriji kwindawo evaliweyo apho zinokufikelela kwiiveki ezimbini. Zingagcinwa kubushushu begumbi, kodwa kule meko ziya kuhlala ubuninzi beentsuku ezi-3.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Umthi wecherry ukumelana kakuhle kakhulu neqabaka ukuya kuthi ga -20ºCkodwa emva kwexesha bayenzakalisa.

Siyathemba uyithandile into esikuxelele yona malunga nomthi wecherry.