Ubukumkani bezityalo budala kwaye bubanzi kakhulu. Kukho iibhiliyoni zeentlobo, kwaye kusakholelwa ukuba abantu abakagqibi ukufumanisa yonke into, kungoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba sinepesenti elungileyo yezityalo ukuba sizifumane.
Ngaphakathi kweli qela sifumana izityalo zemithambo, Uhlobo lwesityalo esixhaphakileyo ngoku emhlabeni. Ziziphi iimpawu zakho eziphambili? Ezo siza kukuxelela zona ngokulandelayo.
Yintoni izityalo zemithambo?
Ezi ziintlobo zezityalo ezithi Unengcambu, isiqu kunye namagqabi, ezondliwa ngenxa yenkqubo yemithambo enoxanduva lokuhambisa amanzi kunye nezondlo ukuze zikhule kwaye zikhule. Le nkqubo yenziwa yi-xylem, ehambisa incindi eluhlaza ukusuka ezingcanjini ukuya emagqabini, kunye ne-phloem, ejongene nokuhambisa incindi eveliswe emagqabini ishiye isityalo sonke.
Kweli qela kukho amacandelo amabini, la alandelayo:
- Pteridophytes: Zizo ezo zityalo ezivelisa kwakhona nge-spores, ezifana neeferns okanye i-horsetails.
- Spermatophytes:
- Ii-Gymnosperms: azinaziqhamo zikhusela imbewu kwaye iintyatyambo azidlanga, ezinje ngeeconifers, iicycads okanye Ginkgo biloba.
- I-Angiosperms: iintyatyambo zinokuba zi-hermaphroditic, kwaye zihlala zikhusela imbewu. Zahlula-hlulwe zibe mbini:
-Iimonocotyledon: zezo zineligqabi elinye le-embryonic, elinje ngengca okanye iintende.
-Dicotyledons: baneebhotile ezimbini kunye nokukhula kwesibini, njengemithi okanye izihlahla.
Yintoni abayisebenzisayo?
Izityalo zeVascular zibaluleke kakhulu ebantwini. Uninzi lwazo luvelisa iziqhamo ezityiwayo; abanye kwelinye icala bahle kangangokuba Sizisebenzisa ukuhombisa igadi kunye neepatio; enye sikhupha incindi yayo ukulungiselela incindi okanye amayeza. Ngaphandle kwezi ntlobo zezityalo, abantu banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu ukuya phambili.
Imizekelo yezityalo ze-vascular
Zininzi izityalo ezinemithambo, zininzi kangangokuba ngaphezulu kokuthetha ngohlobo oluthile, sinokuthetha malunga neentlobo zezityalo. Umzekelo:
Umthi
Umthi Yisesityalo esinesiqu esineenkuni esinamasebe kubude obuthile (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, ukusuka kwiimitha ezi-5). Isithsaba sayo sinokuba yi-pyramidal, ovoidal, erhangqwe, okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo, kwaye senziwe ngamasebe apho amagqabi ahlala eluhlaza, aqaqambileyo okanye anamagqabi amancinci. Zivelisa neentyatyambo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezineziqhamo ezityiwayo, ezifana nomthi wepesika, iamangile okanye umthi weorenji.
Bush
Ityholo Sisityalo esineenkuni, esingagqithiyo kwiimitha ezi-5 ukuphakama. Amasebe amafutshane emhlabeni, kwaye isithsaba sawo sihlala sixinene. Amagqabi awo ahlala eluhlaza okanye aqaqambile, aneemilo kunye nemibala eyahlukileyo ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kolunye, kwaye ihlala ivelisa iintyatyambo zexabiso lokuhombisa, yiyo loo nto ikhula rhoqo kwiigadi, kwiiphalathi nakwiipatiyo, ezinjenge-azalea okanye
Cactus
Un Cactus Sisityalo esimnandi, esinameva ngokubanzi, esisifumana eMelika. Iziqu zayo ziyi-globose, ikholamu, i-arboreal okanye i-shrub-efana, kwaye ayivelisi iintyatyambo ezinkulu kakhulu zemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ingakhula phakathi kweesentimitha ezi-3 kunye neemitha ezingama-20 kuxhomekeke kudidi. Ikhulile kwiibhalkhoni, kwiipatio, kumathambeka egadini, nakwigadi, kuba inexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa kufuneka kwakhona ukuba kukho ezinye iintlobo zeziqhamo zazo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezifana I-Opuntia ficus-indica.
Ikhonkco
Umfanekiso - UbuGcisa beFlickr / iHornbeam
Ikhonifer Sisityalo searboreal esinokufikelela kubude obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-30, kunye nobudala obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-5000.. Kuqhelekile ukuyifaka kwiqela lemithi, kodwa ekubeni i-conifer sisityalo se-gymnosperm esiguquke ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-300 seminyaka, kwaye umthi sisityalo se-angiosperm esaqala ukuvela malunga ne-130 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, siyakholelwa Kubalulekile ukubahlula. Kwaye, ukongeza, amagqabi ayo ahlala ephikelela, i-acicular, kwaye iziqhamo zayo ziicones okanye iicones. Ezinye iintlobo zisetyenziswa kwizitiya okanye njengebhonsai, ezinje nge ICompressus sempervirens; kwaye kukho ezinye apho kukhutshwa khona imbewu yabo ukuze ityiwe, njenge IPinus pinea.
Crass
Omnye crass sisityalo esingamanzi cactaceous ngakumbi esizalelwa eAfrika, sona ingakhula phakathi kweesentimitha ezi-2 kunye neemitha ezi-4-5 ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Amagqabi, iintyatyambo kunye neziqu ziyahluka kakhulu. Ezinye iintlobo ziyi-arboreal, ezinye ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zi-shrubby. Zidume kakhulu kwingqokelela, njenge IiLithops okanye i-Aloe.
Ingca
Ingca sisityalo esineziqu eziluhlaza. Zimbini iintlobo ezahlukileyo: enye inegqabi elimxinwa, eligraminoid; kwaye ebanzi inamagqabi, yona le forbia. Zininzi iintlobo zonyaka, oko kukuthi, ngonyaka omnye ziyahluma, zikhule, zityatyambe, zivelise iziqhamo kwaye zife; abanye biannual (baphila iminyaka emibini), kwaye abanye banempilo (baphila ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2). Ezinye zikwiminyaka emibini kodwa zikhulile njengonyaka, njenge I-Beta vulgaris var. umjikelo (yaziwa ngcono njenge chard); kwaye ezinye zihlala zingenakuphela kodwa ngenxa, umzekelo, ubusika obubandayo zikhulile njengeminyaka, njenge igerbera.
Palmera
Umthi wesundu yingca enkulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-megaforbia, onokufikelela kubude beemitha ezingama-30 okanye nangaphezulu. Ihlala inesiqu esinye (isiqu esingeyonyani), nangona kukho iintlobo ezinokuba neziliqela, ezinje nge Chamaerops uthobekile okanye IPhoenix dactylifera. Amagqabi ayo, kalukhuni, ziipinate okanye zimile okwe fan, zihlala zizingisa. Zidume kakhulu kwiigadi, kodwa nakwiipatio, kwiithambeka nkqu nangaphakathi; Ngoku, iziqhamo zabaninzi ziyonwabisa ngokwenene enkalakahleni, ezinje ngeebhanki zomhla ezifanayo, okanye umthi wekhokhonathi (ICocos nucifera).
Zithini izityalo ezingezizo ezomthambo kwaye zikhona ntoni?
Ubulembu esiqwini somthi.
Izityalo ezingezizo ezomthambo zezi zingenayo inkqubo yemithambo; Oko kukuthi, abanayo i-xylem kunye ne-phloem. Ukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuba uqonde, amagqabi awo ayinyani, kodwa ngamagqabi akhululweyo aveliswa ziiseli, ngaphandle kwe-stomata okanye i-cuticles, azinazo nendawo zomoya.
Ezi zityalo zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-bryophytes, kwaye zahlulwe zangamaqela amabini:
- Akukho zindebe zokuqhuba: zizibindi zesibindi. Zifunxa amanzi nezakha-mzimba zazo kumphezulu wesityalo.
- Ngeenqanawa zokuqala zokuhamba: baneenqanawa, kodwa zindala kakhulu ezingenayo i-xylem kunye ne-phloem. Zincamathele emhlabeni enkosi kwinkqubo yeengcambu zakudala eyaziwa ngokuba ziirhizoids, kwaye amagqabi azo alula kakhulu kwaye abizwa ngokuba zii-phylloids. Umzekelo wolu hlobo yi moss.
Ngaba uyifumene inomdla? Ukuba ubufuna ukwazi ngakumbi, cofa apha:
olu lwazi luhle kakhulu
Siyavuya ukuba ibikukunika umdla kuwe. 🙂