Imidumba (Fabaceae)

Imidumba yizitshalo ezingasiza kakhulu ekhishini. Ngembewu yayo silungisa izitsha ezinjengentshisi ephekiwe noma ubhontshisi, okuthi ngaphezu kokuba mnandi kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezempilo. Eqinisweni, ukuceba i-fiber namaprotheni, kungukudla okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukukufaka kunoma yikuphi ukudla okunempilo.

Kepha, bewazi ukuthi kunezinye izitshalo nazo eziyimidumba nokuthi, esikhundleni salokho, sisebenzisa kuphela ukuhlobisa izingadi zethu kanye / noma ama-patio? Lezi yizihlahla nezihlahlana okuthi, noma kungenjalo zivame ukuba nembewu efanele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu, ziveze ezinye izimfanelo, njengezimbali zokubukisa kakhulu kanye / noma ukumelana nesomiso okwamukelekayo.

Yini imidumba?

I-Las imidumba yizitshalo ezikhiqiza izithelo ngendlela yemidumba; okusho ukuthi, kunwetshiwe futhi kunezimbewu ezimbalwa eziyindilinga noma eziyisiyingi zombala onsundu, omhlophe, oluhlaza okotshani noma omnyama ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka. Zihlukaniswe ngaphakathi komndeni wakwaFabaceae, ngakho-ke kulungile futhi ukusho ukuthi ziyizitshalo ezinhle kakhulu.

Atholakala ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele noma sifudumele, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezindaweni ezifudumele nezishisayo zase-Afrika naseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneziningi ezisekela isikhathi esomile esingaphezulu noma esincane, ngoba zinezimpande ezikhula ngamamitha ambalwa ngaphansi kwenhlabathi ezifuna umswakama. Lezi zinhlobo yizo ezinamaqabunga amancane kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye, njengoba zisebenzisa amanzi amancane kunalawo amakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukukungeza lokho balungisa i-nitrogen yomoya emhlabathini.

Yize uma sikhuluma ngemidumba, uphizi, ubhontshisi, noma ubhontshisi ngokwesibonelo kuza engqondweni, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi lezo ezikhiqiza imbewu efanelekile ukudliwa zimbalwa. Kukhona okuningi, okuningi okusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemidumba nemidumba?

Imidumba yizithelo zemidumba; okungukuthi, imidumba iluhlobo lwesitshalo. Lezi zinezimbewu ezijwayele ukuhluma kahle kakhulu, kungaba ngokuzihlwanyela ngqo uma zingamakhambi, noma umuthi owandulela ukuqala owaziwa ngokuthi ukushisa uma kuyizihlahla.

Ukushaqeka okushisayo kuqukethe ukuwafaka emanzini abilayo umzuzwana ngosizo lwesisefo, bese uwafaka kwenye ingilazi yamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuwahlwanyela.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwemidumba

Imidumba ihlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Uhlanga Cercidae: ziyizihlahla nezihlahlana ezinezimbali ezibukhali njenge I-Bauhinia variegata noma i UCercis siliquastrum.
• Isizwe Detarieae: kufaka phakathi izihlahla, ezingxenyeni eziningi, ezizalelwa e-Afrika, njenge I-Tamarindus indica (tamarind).
• UGenus Duparquetia: inohlobo olulodwa kuphela, i- I-Duparquetia orchidacea, okuyisihlahla esincane esidabuka e-Afrika eshisayo.
• Umndeni waseCaesalpinioideae: yilapho sizothola khona izitshalo zokuhlobisa eziningi, njengeCaesalpinia, iSenna noma i ICeratonia siliqua (isihlahla se-carob).
• Umndeni wakwaMimosoideae: I-Acacia, isitshalo Mimosa pudica, noma uCalliandra ungowalo mndeni omncane. Yizitshalo ezibonakala ngokuba nama-inflorescence asikhumbuza ama-pompoms e-ballerina, ubukhulu bawo nombala wawo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile kolunye.
• Umndeni wakwaFaboideae: kuyo sizothola imidumba elungele ukusetshenziswa, njengobhontshisi (ubhontshisi), noma uphizi (I-Pisum sativum). Kepha futhi nezinye izitshalo zentshisekelo yokuhlobisa, njengesihlahla se-Erythrina.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zemidumba edliwayo?

Manje sizogxila kulezo zimidumba ezidliwayo. Lezi yizo esingazitshala engadini, noma uma uthanda embizeni yezimbali, ukusizakala ngezinhlamvu zazo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• ubhontshisi: ezibizwa nangokuthi ubhontshisi noma ubhontshisi wezinso, ziyimbewu yesitshalo esinegama lesayensi Phaseolus vulgaris. Bacebile ngamaprotheni, i-fiber futhi baqukethe namaminerali kanye namavithamini A no-B. Unyaka futhi uyenyuka, ukhula ngokushesha, ufinyelela cishe kwimitha elilodwa.
• Ubhontshisi obanzi: ziyimbewu yotshani ubhontshisi. Yonyaka, futhi ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,5 ukuphakama. Kuyisithako esiyinhloko esitsheni sikabhontshisi, yize nakho kuphakelwa komile (okungukuthi, kulungiswe ngaphandle komhluzi), futhi kusanda kutsha. Ziwumthombo ocebile wamavithamini, i-fiber, namaminerali afana ne-magnesium, i-iron ne-calcium.
• Imililo: akhiqizwa yisitshalo esibulala ukhula I-lenin Ceinaris. Lokhu kungamasentimitha angama-40 ukuphakama, futhi kungenye yezimbotyi ezicebile kakhulu ku-fiber ezikhona, ezihlinzeka ngamagremu ayi-11 ngamagremu ayi-100 okudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnesium, i-iron, i-phosphorus ne-potassium nazo ziyatholakala kubo, phakathi kwabanye.

• Pea: uphizi noma uphizi ziyimbewu ye- I-Pisum sativum. Isitshalo se-herbaceous esinomkhuba wokukhuphuka ofinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-60-70. Inikeza amavithamini afana no-A, B, C no-E, kanye namaminerali afana ne-zinc, i-sodium noma i-iron.
• inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya: soy kukhiqizwa yi Ubukhulu beGlycine, utshani obungakhula phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-20-100 ubude. Ungumthombo omuhle we-fiber, amavithamini, namaminerali.

Ziyini izinzuzo zayo?

Imidumba inezinzuzo eziningana empilweni yomuntu. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ukuthi siza ukulwa nokuqunjelwa, ukwenza ngcono ukuhamba kwamathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingumthombo obalulekile wamaprotheni wemifino, ngakho-ke uma uyi-vegan noma imifino ungazidla ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Kungukudla okuthuthukisa impilo yesikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho. Lokhu kungenxa yamaphesenti aphezulu kavithamini B. Futhi, aqukethe insimbi eningi, ebalulekile ekwakheni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, okuyilawo athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezibusayo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemidumba etshalwa ezingadini, kuma-patio nakuma-terraces. Ezinye zazo zingokulandelayo:

IKhesalpinia gilliesii

La IKhesalpinia gilliesii Yisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza njalo esidabuka e-Argentina esifinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama. Inamaqabunga anezincwajana eziluhlaza eziningi, nama-inflorescence akhiwe ngezimbali eziphuzi ehluma entwasahlobo. Imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku -7ºC.

UCercis siliquastrum (Isihlahla sothando)

El UCercis siliquastrum Yisihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka esifundeni saseMedithera esingaba ngamamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama, kepha imvamisa asidluli amamitha ayi-5. Entwasahlobo izimbali zayo ezibomvana zihluma ngqo emagatsheni. Kuyamelana kakhulu, nokumelana nesithwathwa kuze kufike ku -10ºC.

I-Delonix regia (IFlamboyan)

El phumlani Kungumuthi wemvelo onqabile ovela eMadagascar, kepha kakhulu, utshalwe kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eMelika. ESpain sizoyibona kakhulu eCanary Islands, kepha eBalearic Islands nasenhlonhlweni kunzima kakhulu. Ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama, futhi kusukela isencane iba nomqhele we-parasol owenziwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza. Izimbali zakhona zibomvu noma okusawolintshi futhi zikala cishe amasentimitha ayi-8. Izwela iqabaka.

U-Erythrina crista-galli (Cebo)

El kapok Yisihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka e-Argentina naseBolivia ikakhulukazi esifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-8. Amaqabunga aluhlaza, futhi izimbali zihlelwe ngamaqoqo ombala obomvu ogqame kakhulu. Imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku - 4ºC, inqobo nje uma siphila isikhathi esifushane.

Imimosa ezwelayo (IMimosa pudica)

La IMimosa pudica Yisitshalo esidabuka eBrazil esikala cishe amasentimitha angama-70 ukuphakama. Yize ihlala iminyaka eminingana, eYurophu iyatshalwa njengesitshalo saminyaka yonke ngoba ayimelani nobusika obubandayo. Inamaqabunga asondele ekuthinteni okuncane, nezimbali ezithile ze-lilac ezivela entwasahlobo.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zemidumba. Sithemba ukuthi ukuthole kuthakazelisa.