Ziyini izitshalo zemithambo?

I-Plant Kingdom indala futhi ibanzi kakhulu. Kunezigidigidi zezinhlobo, futhi kusakholelwa ukuthi abantu abakaqedi ukuthola konke, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi sisenamaphesenti amahle ezitshalo okufanele sizithole.

Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu sithola amafayela we- izitshalo zemithambo yegazi, uhlobo lwesitshalo okwamanje oluningi kakhulu emhlabeni. Yiziphi izici zakho eziyinhloko? Lezo esizokutshela zona ngokulandelayo 🙂.

Ziyini izitshalo zemithambo?

Lezi yizinhlobo zezitshalo unezimpande, isiqu namaqabunga, ezondliwa ngenxa yohlelo lwemithambo olubhekele ukusabalalisa amanzi nezakhamzimba ukuze zikhule futhi zikhule. Lolu hlelo lwakhiwa yi-xylem, ehambisa insipho eluhlaza kusuka ezimpandeni kuya emaqabungeni, kanye ne-phloem, enesibopho sokuhambisa amasi akhiqizwa emaqabungeni aye kuso sonke isitshalo.

Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu kunezigaba ezimbili, okuyilezi:

• Ama-Pteridophytes: yilezo zitshalo ezizalanayo ngezinhlamvu, njengama-ferns noma ama-horsetails.
• Ama-spermatophytes:
  • Ama-Gymnosperms: awanazo izithelo ezivikela imbewu futhi izimbali azifani nobulili, njengama-conifers, ama-cycads noma Ginkgo biloba.
  • Ama-Angiosperms: izimbali zingaba yi-hermaphroditic, futhi zihlala zivikela imbewu. Zihlukaniswe kabili:
    -Imonocotyledons: yilezo ezinelicembe elilodwa lombungu, njengotshani noma izintende.
    -Dicotyledons: banezimbotshana ezimbili nokukhula kwesibili, njengezihlahla noma izihlahlana.

Banamsebenzi muni?

Izitshalo ze-Vascular zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu. Eziningi zazo zikhiqiza izithelo ezidliwayo; abanye ngakolunye uhlangothi bahle kakhulu ukuthi siwasebenzisela ukuhlobisa izingadi nama-patio; okunye sikhipha ubisi lwawo ukulungiselela amajusi noma imithi. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo zezitshalo, abantu bangaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ukuya phambili.

Izibonelo zezitshalo zemithambo yegazi

Kunezitshalo eziningi ezinemithambo yegazi, eziningi kangangokuba ngaphezu kokukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezithile, singakhuluma ngezinhlobo zezitshalo. Ngokwesibonelo:

Isihlahla

Isihlahla Yileso sitshalo esinesiqu esinamagatsha esiba nokuphakama okuthile (cishe noma ngaphansi, kusuka kumamitha ayi-5). Umqhele wayo ungaba yi-pyramidal, ovoidal, oyindilinga, noma olunye uhlobo, futhi wenziwe ngamagatsha lapho kuhluma khona amaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza, abukhali noma abukhali. Futhi bakhiqiza izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu izithelo zazo ezidliwayo, njengesihlahla sepentshisi, i-alimondi noma isihlahla samawolintshi.

Bush

Isihlahla kuyisitshalo sokhuni, esingeqi kumamitha ayi-5 ukuphakama. Amagatsha ashoda ngomhlabathi, futhi umqhele wawo uvame ukuba mkhulu kakhulu. Amaqabunga awo ahlala eluhlaza okotshani noma enqabile, enezimo nemibala eyehluka kohlobo oluthile kolunye, futhi imvamisa ikhiqiza izimbali zenani elikhulu lokuhlobisa, yingakho ihlwanyelwa njalo ezingadini, ezinkambeni nakuma-patio, njenge-azalea noma

cactus

Un i-cactus kuyisitshalo esimnandi, ngokuvamile esinameva, esisithola eMelika. Iziqu zawo ziyi-globose, i-columnar, i-arboreal noma i-shrub-efana, futhi akhiqizi izimbali ezinkulu kakhulu ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Ingakhula phakathi kwamasentimitha ama-3 kuya kumamitha angama-20 kuya ngohlobo. Ikhuliswe kumabhaloni, kuma-patio, emasimini, nasezingadini, njengoba inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhlobisa. Kepha futhi kufanele kuthiwe kunezinhlobo ezithile zezithelo zazo ezidliwayo, njenge I-Opuntia ficus-indica.

UConifer

Isiqu Yisitshalo se-arboreal esingafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kwamamitha angama-30, kanye neminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engu-5000. Kuvamile ukusibeka eqenjini lezihlahla, kepha njengoba i-conifer iyisitshalo se-gymnosperm esivele iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300, nokuthi isihlahla siyisitshalo se-angiosperm esaqala ukuvela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-130 edlule, siyakholelwa kubalulekile ukubahlukanisa. Futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga awo cishe aphikelela njalo, acicular, futhi izithelo zawo ziyizigaxa noma izigaxa. Ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziswa ezingadini noma njenge-bonsai, njenge I-Cupressus sempervirens; futhi kukhona ezinye lapho kukhishwa khona imbewu yabo ukuze kudliwe, njenge I-Pinus pinea.

Crass

Una crass isitshalo esinomsoco ongeyona i-cactus ikakhulukazi odabuka e-Afrika, okuyi ingakhula phakathi kwamasentimitha ama-2 namamitha ayi-4-5 kuye ngohlobo. Amaqabunga, izimbali neziqu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyi-arboreal, ezinye zingama-herbaceous aphansi, kanti ezinye ziyisihlahlana. Zithandwa kakhulu emaqoqweni, njenge AmaLithops noma i-Aloe.

Utshani

Umuthi kuyisitshalo esineziqu eziluhlaza. Izinhlobo ezimbili zihlukanisiwe: eyodwa eneqabunga elincane, okuyi-graminoid; nale ebanzi, okuyi-forbia. Izinhlobo eziningi zonyaka, okungukuthi, ngonyaka owodwa ziyamila, zikhule, ziqhakaze, zithele izithelo futhi zife; ezinye zenziwa kabili ngonyaka (ziphila iminyaka emibili), kanti ezinye zinempilo (ziphila ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2). Amanye ama-biennial kepha akhuliswa njengonyaka, njenge- I-Beta vulgaris var. umjikelezo (yaziwa kangcono ngokuthi ishadi); kanti ezinye zihlala isikhathi eside kepha ngenxa yokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ubusika obubandayo zikhula njengezonyaka, njenge i-gerbera.

I-Palmera

Umuthi wesundu utshani obukhulu, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-megaforbia, engafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Imvamisa inesiqu esisodwa (isiqu samanga), noma kunezinhlobo ezingaba nezinhlobo eziningana, njenge UChamerops uyazithoba noma i IPhoenix dactylifera. Amaqabunga awo, cishe, zinamaphini noma zimise okwefeni, ziphikelela njalo. Zithandwa kakhulu ezingadini, kodwa futhi nasemapalazini, emasimini ngisho nasendlini; Manje, izithelo zabaningi ziyinjabulo yangempela kulwanga, njengaleyo yasebhange elifanayo ledethi, noma leyo yesihlahla sikakhukhunathi (ICocos nucifera).

Yiziphi izitshalo ezingewona ama-vascular futhi yini ekhona?

Izitshalo ezingezona ezemithambo yegazi yilezo ezingenaso isimiso semithambo; okungukuthi, bantula i-xylem ne-phloem. Ukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuqonda, amaqabunga awo akuwona amaqabunga eqiniso, kepha empeleni angamaqabunga avulekile akhiqizwa amaseli, ngaphandle kwe-stomata, noma i-cuticles, awanazo ngisho nezikhala zomoya.

Lezi zitshalo zaziwa nangokuthi ama-bryophytes, futhi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:

• Azikho izinkomishi eziqhubayo: zingama-liverworts. Amunca amanzi nezakhi zawo ngomhlabathi.
• Ngemikhumbi yokuqala yokuhamba: banemikhumbi, kepha eyakudala kakhulu engenayo i-xylem ne-phloem. Zinamathiselwe emhlabathini ngenxa yohlelo lwempande lwakudala olwaziwa ngokuthi ama-rhizoid, futhi amaqabunga awo alula kakhulu futhi abizwa ngokuthi ama-phylloids. Isibonelo salolu hlobo yi- moss.

Ngabe ukuthole kuthakazelisa? Uma ubulokhu ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, chofoza lapha:

I-athikili ehlobene:

Zingaki izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhona emhlabeni?