Wati wamboona here mamwe maruva madiki anoita masumbu uye anorembera pamiti? Vanoda kuziva uye vakanaka chaizvo. Ivo vanozivikanwa se catkins. Kana iwe usingazivi zvavari, ndinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Muchikamu chino tichatsanangura kuti catkins chii uye kuti inosvibisa sei. Mukuwedzera, tichatumidza mimwe miriwo umo tinogona kuwana maruva aya akanaka.
Chii chinonzi catkins?
Ngatitangei nekutsanangura kuti catkins chii. Payero ye botanical ivo vanotsanangurwa se seti yemaruva ayo, mukuzara kwawo, anoumba spike kana sumbu remaruva akati wandei akanyatsorongedzwa pamwechete. Catkins anowanzo unisexual, kureva, mukadzi kana murume, uye akarembera. Iwo maruva ari nyore kwazvo asina sepals kana petals. Dzakadzi dzinodzikisirwa kuita stigmata, ukuwo dzechirume dzinodzikira kusvika pamatinji.
Kazhinji, catkins maruva emamwe marudzi emiti. Izvi zvinowanzova zvemhando dzinotevera:
- Birches (betula)
- Mipopari (vanhu)
- Alders (Alnus)
- Hazelnuts (Corylus)
- Chestnuts (castanea)
- Holm oak (quercus ilex)
- Mikonachando (Salix)
Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti maruva anoshamisira, mune mamwe marudzi emiti haaoneki kutoti mabhainokura akashandiswa, sezvo vachisimuka muchikamu chepamusoro-soro chemuriwo. Izvi zvinoitika, somuenzaniso, munyaya ye populus alba, inozivikanwawo se chena popura.
Semazuva ese, maruva anobatsira zvakanyanya kana zvasvika pakuziva mhando dzemiti dzakasiyana. Saka itawo catkins, dzimwe nguva kunyange dzine mavara akajeka. Kutenda kwavari, zvinogona kuva nyore kwatiri kuziva mamwe marudzi emiti.
Ko makatsi anobviswa sei mukume?
Panguva yekutsvaira, maruva echirume, ayo anowanzo kuunganidzwa mumakatkins, ane mhosva gadzira mukume unoshanda kusanganisa ovary yemaruva echikadzi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, varume nevakadzi vanotumbuka panguva dzakasiyana: Nepo varume vachitumbuka muna Gumiguru, vakadzi havatumbuki kusvika muna Ndira, kana iri nyaya yehazelnuts. Nenzira iyi, maruva echirume anokura uye paanosvika pakukura, maruva echikadzi anovhurika kuitira kuti kubereka kuitwe zvinobudirira.
Kana iri chiitiko chekukumesa pachacho, chinowanzoitwa nemhepo. Mhepo inotakura mamirioni ezviyo zvidiki zvemukume zvinogadzirwa nemakatsi kusvika kune zvinyadzi. Mushure mekuita uku, pollen chubhu inotanga kukura kusvika yasvika panheyo yekushorwa. Nokudaro anopinda munhambo yokuzorora inowanzotora pakati pemwedzi mina nemishanu. Mushure menguva iyi, kukura kunotangwazve kusvikira mukume wapera kuzadza zai. Panyaya yehazelnut, semuenzaniso, madziro e ovary igoko rehazelnut uye mhodzi inongova embryo. Izvi zvinokura kuva muchero wehazelnut.
Ndezvipi zvinomera zvine catkins?
Zvingave mubindu kana pakati pezvisikwa, kune mikana yakawanda yekuona maruva aya anoda kuziva. Tevere tichazotaura pamusoro pemhando ina dzakasiyana dzemiti ine makatsi anomira pachena nekuda kwekunaka kwawo, nekudaro ichive yakakurumbira mune ese ari maviri eruzhinji nemagadheni.
White willow (salix alba)
Muti une matinji akanaka kwazvo ndiwo muwillow, unozivikanwawo se salix alba. Muchiitiko ichi ivo vanoumbwa nekureba uye kuberekwa kwayo kunoitika muchirimo.
Tinogona kuwana chena willow muAsia, muEurope uye nekuzvidira muNorth Africa. Zvisinei, muti wakasimwa nevanhu munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana kwezviuru zvemakore, saka hazvibviri kunyatsotaura kuti nzvimbo yaro chaiyo ndeipi. Zvese zviri zviviri muBalearic Islands uye muPeninsula zvakajairika kuiwana uye yakapararira zvakanyanya.
Holm muouki (Quercus ilex)
Uyewo muoki, unozivikanwa se Quercus ilex, ine matinji anokosha eruvara rweyero neocher. Maruva ayo anoonekwa muchirimo uye akaiswa mumapoka akarembera.
The holm oak muti uyo Inowanikwa munzvimbo yese yeGungwa reMediterranean. Nekudaro, iyo subspecies Quercus ballota Inowanikwa muIberian Peninsula yese, iine vanhu vakaomesesa mukati memukati. Pane kudaro, iyo subspecies Quercus ilex Inogovaniswa munzvimbo idzo dziri padyo neCantabrian neMediterranean pamhenderekedzo, kubva kuBalearic Islands neCatalonia kuenda kuAlmería. Sezvineiwo, munzvimbo dzinosangana masubspecies ese ari maviri, miti yakasanganiswa inokura, ichibvisa hunhu hwekusiyanisa hweese masubspecies.
Silver birch (Betula pendula)
Mumwe muti une makate anokosha ndeye silver birch kana Betula pendula. Muchiitiko ichi, makate ari varume uye anogara kubva muna March kusvika May kusvikira mukume wasunungurwa apo mashizha emashizha anotanga kuvhurika. Pane kudaro, matinji echikadzi anonongedza kumusoro uye ari mapfupi. Mushure mekumesa, mbeu padzinotanga kukura, dzinotanga kurembera.
Silver birch Inogoverwa kuchamhembe kweMorocco, kumadokero kweAsia uye inenge yese yeEurope. Zvisinei, muIberian Peninsula inowanzoitika kubva kuGalicia kusvika kuPyrenees.
White poplarpopulus alba)
Pakupedzisira inoramba ichiratidzira chena poplar, kana populus alba. Maruva ayo echikadzi anoumba marefu, akarembera bouquets, ari catkins. Izvi zvakakora uye Dzinowanzoonekwa munzvimbo yepamusoro-soro yemuti.
Tinogona kuwana chena poplar kuNorth Africa, kuWestern Asia uye nechepakati uye kumaodzanyemba kweEurope. Iyi arboreal mhando inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechishongo kana kudzoreredza dzimwe nzvimbo. MuIberian Peninsula, chena poplar inokura munenge matunhu ese zvakasikwa. Kunze kwenzvimbo dzakanyorova dzekuchamhembe-kumadokero neCantabrian Coast. Zvisinei, muBalearic Islands inofungidzirwa kuti rudzi urwu rwakaunzwa.
Iye zvino zvatava kuziva kuti chii chinonzi catkins uye kuti tingachiwana kupi, tinogona kutarisa nguva inotevera patinoenda kunofamba. Chokwadi zvichava nyore kuti tizive maererano nerudzi rwemuti.