Ndeapi ari makuru mhuri dzemiti?

Ndeapi akanyanya kuwanda mbeu dzemiti aripo? Tinogara papuraneti ine hukuru hwakasiyana hwehupenyu hwezvirimwa, kwatinogona kufungisisa nezve runako rwemuti muhombe, asi zvakare nemaruva madiki ayo anogadzira akawanda mahebhu asingatore masendimita masere pakureba.

Mamiriro ekunze, ivhu, nzvimbo, ... zvese izvi zvinhu zvinogadzirisa shanduko yechimwe nechimwe chezvirimwa, nekuti izvo izvo zvipenyu zvese zvinoda chaizvo kuramba zviripo. Kutenda izvo, hunhu hwekupona hunoita humambo hwezvinomera zvazviri nhasi: chishamiso pachacho, iyo vanhu vane mukana wekunakidzwa.

Ndeapi mhuri dzebhotani?

Ndisati ndapinda munyaya iyi, ndinoda kutanga ndatsanangura kuti mhuri iri mune bhotani, nekuti nenzira iyi kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti ndedzipi mhuri dzakawanda kwazvo dzezvirimwa, iwe unozogona kunyatsoziva kukosha kwazvo. Zvakanaka, munyika kune dzinosvika mazana mana ezviuru zvinogamuchirwa zvemitiPasina kuverenga mhando kana zvirimwa (kana zvirizvo, iyo nhamba inogona kunge iri padhuze nemiriyoni imwe chete ... kana pamwe inogona kutopfuura imwe).

Sevanhu zvatiri, chimwe chehunhu hwedu ndechekuti tinoda kupatsanura zvinhu, nekuti zviri nyore kwazvo kwatiri kudzidza nezvazvo. Naizvozvo, ivo nyanzvi, mune ino kesi iyo botanists, izvo zvavanoita ndizvo zvirimwa zveboka zvakaenzana sezvinobvira, kwete mukuonekwa chete, asiwo maererano neshanduko yavo uye nekudaro nemageneti avo.

Tichifunga izvi zvese, nhasi tinoziva, semuenzaniso, izvo kunyangwe cycas and the chanza vanotaridzika zvakafanana, havana hukama. Nepo avo vekare vachionekwa sevapenyu mafossil kubvira pavakatanga kushanduka anopfuura mazana emamirioni mazana matatu emakore apfuura, miti yemichindwe mimwe miti 'yemazuva ano' kubvira pakaitika shanduko yakatanga makore anosvika mamirioni zana nemakumi mana apfuura.

Asi hazvisi izvo zvese: cycas ndizvo gymnosperm zvirimwa, ndiko kuti, zvirimwa zvisingadziviriri mbeu dzazvo muchero (kungava kapisi, bhinzi, kana zvimwewo), asi mabhora matsvuku aya atinoona ndiyo mhodzi; mapundu, kune rumwe rutivi, ari angiosperms, ndiko kuti, anovadzivirira mune muchero unowanzo kuve munyama, senge mazuva.

Sezvauri kuona, kuzivisa zvirimwa kuri kupfuura kungotarisa pakuonekwa kwazvo. Kune izvi zvese, nhasi mhuri dzinodarika zana dzemabhotani dzakatangwa.

Ndeapi akanyanya kuwanda mbeu dzemiti aripo?

Zvino zvatave kuziva kuti imhuri yemabhotani, isu tinofanirwa kutaura nezve yakanyanya kuwanda. Kune akawanda akakura kwazvo, asi pasina kupokana iwo akafanirwa kuve ari pamusoro mashanu anotevera:

Asteraceae (michina yemubatanidzwa)

Ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda nekure. Maari dzinenge makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nematatu nemhando yemhando dzakaunganidzwa, dzakakamurwa kuita dzinenge 32.913 genera. Izvi zvinowanzo kuve herbaceous michero, kunyangwe inogona kuve miti, shrub kana vanokwira. Izvo zvinogona kuve zvegore, biennial kana zvisingaperi. Mashizha acho anoshanduka uye anotenderera kazhinji akasvibira.

Maruva acho madiki, hermaphroditic kana asingawanzo kuita bonde kana chena, uye akarongedzwa mune inflorescence akaumbwa nezvitsauko. Michero iyi cyselas, ndiko kuti, mbeu inosungirirwa kune yakawanda yakajeka mvere iyo inoizobatsira kuti ibve kure naamai chirimwa.

Mune ino mhuri yebhotani tinowana iyo Aster, Senecio, kana Helichrysum, pakati pevamwe.

Orchidaceae (orchids)

Orchids iri munzvimbo yechipiri, chimwe chinhu chingafarirwe nevanoda zvirimwa izvi. Inofungidzirwa kuti pane dzinosvika zviuru makumi maviri neshanu (vamwe vanoti pane dzinosvika makumi matatu) dzakakamurwa kuita mazana masere. Iyo herbaceous, inogara kana yegore zvirimwa, ine yepasi kana epiphytic tsika, kana dzimwe nguva kukwira zvirimwa. Kana iri yenyika, madzinde acho ari rhizomes kana corms, nepo mune epiphyte mashizha anonamira pazasi, achigadzira pseudobulbs.

Mashizha acho akareruka, kazhinji anochinjika, anotenderera, akapetwa kana akarotwa, aine kana asina petioles. Maruva ari pakati peakanyanya kuomarara muumambo hwezvirimwa, kunyangwe mu mamwe marudzi emaorchid anotora mafomu emhuka, yakajeka mavara. Michero iyi michero ine mbeu.

Enzaniso dzemhuri iyi yatinayo Phalaenopsis, Mombe, kana Dendrobium, pakati pevamwe.

Fabaceae (nyemba)

Iyi imhuri zvakare ine kukosha kwakanyanya mune zvehupfumi, kwete chete nekuti zhinji dzinogadzira mbeu dzinodyiwa, asi zvakare kune dzakawanda dzine ukomba hukuru hwekukosha. Maari takawana mhando mazana mapfumbamwe nemazana mana dzakakamurwa kuita dzinosvika mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe yemishonga (yegore, biennial kana isingagumi), miti, shrub nemizambiringa. Mashizha acho anowanzo shanduka, anogara akasvibira kana akasvibira, mapini kana bipinnate, girini muvara.

Maruva ayo anogona kunge ari madiki kana akakura, akaumbwa nemashanu ane mavara ane mavara, uye akaiswa mumapoka-senge inflorescence. Michero yacho yakawanda kana isingasviki mitsetse ine mhodzi iyo inowanzo kuve yakasviba uye ine dehwe.

Mienzaniso yetsanga yatinayo, semuenzaniso, royal delonix (flamboyant), the Acacia, Caesalpinia kana the vicia sativa (peas).

Poaceae (uswa)

Ndiyo mhuri yechina pakukura, i 12.100 yakatsanangurwa mhando dzakapararira pamusoro peanopfuura mazana masere makumi masere. Kunyangwe iri yechina, ndiyo yekutanga maererano nekukosha kwehupfumi, sezvo chikamu chikuru chazvo tichizvipa isu ... uye mazhinji epurazi nehuku mhuka, pamwe nedzimwe dzimba.

Kazhinji tinotaura nezvazvo huswa, huni, tussock, rhizomatous kana stoloniferous, iyo inogona kuve yegore, biennial kana isingaperi zvichienderana nemhando. Iwo madzinde acho ari cylindrical kune elliptical, ane mhango kana yakasimba maodhi (senge chibage), uye kubva kwavari anotunga akareba, mamwe mashizha egirini. Maruva acho akabatanidzwa mune spikelet-akaumbwa inflorescence, uye ari unisexual kana hermaphroditic. Michero yacho midiki uye yakaoma.

Mienzaniso yehuswa isu tine iyo Triticum (gorosi), the oryza sativa u Oryza glaberrima (rice), the Zea mays (chibage), the hordeum vulgare (bhari), iyo mhuri diki Bambusoideae (bamboowave Avena.

rubiaceae

Uye chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, tiri kuenda kuzotaura newe nezveRubiaceae. Mhuri iyi inoumbwa nemhando dzinopfuura zviuru gumi dzakakamurwa muzvikamu mazana matanhatu, uye iri miti, makwenzi, miriwo, kana vanokwira, kazhinji tsika yepanyika kunyangwe paine mamwe ari epiphyte. Mashizha acho akatarisana, akafungidzirwa kana asinganyanyi pinnatifid, asingagumi kana dzimwe nguva anononoka.

Maruva acho akabatanidzwa mumagetsi inflorescences, uye ari actinomorphic kana kashoma zygomorphic. Michero iri nyore kana kuwanda, uye inogona kuve madripes kana macapsule, uye iine mbeu.

Mienzaniso yezvirimwa zvemhuri iyi ndeiyi: Gardenia, the Garium, or the bouvardia.

Wakawana musoro uyu uchifadza here?