Zeziphi ezona ntsapho zinkulu zezityalo?

Zeziphi ezona ntsapho zininzi zezityalo ezikhoyo? Siphila kwiplanethi eneentlobo ezininzi zobomi bezityalo, apho sinokujonga khona ubuhle bomthi omkhulu, kodwa kunye neentyatyambo ezincinci ezivelisa amayeza amaninzi angaphaya kweesentimitha ezisibhozo ukuphakama.

Imozulu, umhlaba, indawo, ... zonke ezi zizinto ezibumba ukuvela kwesityalo ngasinye, kuba into efunwa sisidalwa ngasinye kukuqhubeka ngokukhoyo. Enkosi ngaloo nto, Ithuku lokusinda lenza ubukumkani bezityalo ukuba buyintoni namhlanje: umboniso ngokwawo, leyo abantu banethuba lokuyonwabela.

Zintoni iintsapho zebotani?

Phambi kokungena kulo mbandela, ndingathanda kuqala ukucacisa ukuba yintoni usapho olukwibhotani, kuba ngale ndlela ukuba unomdla wokwazi ukuba zeziphi ezona ntsapho zininzi zezityalo, uya kuba nakho ukwazi ngqo ukuba zibaluleke kangakanani. Ewe, emhlabeni kukho malunga ne-400.000 yezityalo ezamkelweyoUkungabali iindidi okanye imihlanganisela (ukuba kunjalo, elo nani ngokuqinisekileyo lingasondela kwisigidi esinye… okanye mhlawumbi nangaphezulu kwesinye).

Njengabantu esingabo, olunye lweempawu zethu kukuba siyathanda ukwahlulahlula izinto, kuba kulula kakhulu kuthi ukuba sifunde ngazo. Ke ngoko, iingcali, kule meko zenzululwazi yezityalo, into abayenzayo izityalo zeqela ezifanayo ngokusemandleni, kungekuphela nje ngenkangeleko, kodwa nangokwe-evolushini yabo kwaye ngenxa yoko kukwafuzo lwabo.

Ukuthathela ingqalelo konke oku, namhlanje siyazi, umzekelo, ukuba nangona cycas kunye iintende bajongeka ngokufanayo, abanalo kwaphela ulwalamano. Ngelixa ezokuqala zithathwa njengezinto eziphilayo okoko zaqala ukuvela ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-300 yezigidi eyadlulayo, imithi yesundu zizityalo 'zala maxesha' okokoko uguquko lwaqala malunga neminyaka eli-140 yezigidi eyadlulayo.

Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto: IiCyca zikhona izityalo zejimnospermOko kukuthi, zizityalo ezingayikhuseliyo imbewu yazo kwisiqhamo (nokuba yicapsule, legume, okanye njl. njl. Isundu, kwelinye icala, zii-angiosperms, Oko kukuthi, ziyabakhusela kwisiqhamo esidla ngokuba nenyama, njengemihla.

Njengoko ubona, ukuchonga izityalo kungaphezulu kokujonga nje ukubonakala kwazo. Kuyo yonke le nto, namhlanje ngaphezulu kwe-100 leentsapho zezityalo ezisekwe.

Zeziphi ezona ntsapho zininzi zezityalo ezikhoyo?

Ngoku ekubeni sisazi ukuba lusapho lwezityalo, kufuneka sithethe ngezona zininzi. Zininzi kakhulu ezinkulu, kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ezifanele ukuba kwezona zi-5 zilandelayo zezi:

I-Asteraceae (izityalo ezihlanganisiweyo)

Lelona lininzi kakhulu kude kube ngoku. Kuye malunga ne-32.913 yeentlobo zihlanganisiwe, zahlulwe zangama-1911. Ziqhele ukuba zizityalo ezinobungozi, nangona zinokuba yimithi, izihlahla okanye abakhweli. Zingaba minyaka le, i-biennial okanye i-perennial. Amagqabi ayatshintsha kwaye ajikeleze ngokubanzi eluhlaza.

Iintyatyambo zincinci, i-hermaphroditic okanye inqabile ukuba ibe yesini okanye iyinyumba, kwaye ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezenziwe ngezahluko. Iziqhamo zii-cyselas, oko kukuthi, imbewu incanyathiselwe kwiinwele ezininzi ezikhanyayo eziya kuyinceda ukuba ishiye isityalo esingumama.

Kolu sapho lwezityalo sifumana Aster, Senecio, okanye iHelichrysum, phakathi kwabanye.

Iorchidaceae (iiorchid)

Ii-orchids zikwindawo yesibini, into enokwenziwa ngabathandi bezityalo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga ne-25.000 yeentlobo (abanye bathi zingama-30.000) zahlulwe zangama-800. Zizityalo ezinqabileyo, ezingapheliyo okanye zonyaka, ezinomkhuba womhlaba okanye we-epiphytic, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ukunyuka kwezityalo. Kwimeko yezomhlaba, iziqu zii-rhizomes okanye i-corms, ngelixa kwii-epiphyte amagqabi ayajiya emazantsi, enza i-pseudobulbs.

Amagqabi alula, ahlala etshintshatshintsha, ejikeleza, edala okanye eneworled, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwee-petioles. Iintyatyambo ziphakathi kwezona zinzima kubukumkani bezityalo, nkqu kwi iintlobo ezithile zeorchid zithatha iintlobo zezilwanyana, imibala eqaqambe kakhulu. Iziqhamo ziijikijolo eziqukethe imbewu.

Imizekelo yale ntsapho esinayo IPhalaenopsis, Iinkomo, okanye iDendrobium, phakathi kwabanye.

IFabaceae (iimbotyi)

Olu lusapho olunokubaluleka okukhulu kwezoqoqosho, hayi kuphela kuba uninzi luvelisa imbewu etyiwayo, kodwa zininzi kakhulu ezinexabiso lokuhombisa. Kuye safumana iintlobo ezingama-19.400 zahlulwe zangama-730 imifuno (yonyaka, iminyaka emibini okanye engapheliyo), imithi, izihlahla kunye nemidiliya. Amagqabi ngamanye amaxesha atshintshile, ahlala eluhlaza okanye aqaqambile, apinki okanye ayipinipiti, aluhlaza ngombala.

Iintyatyambo zayo zinokuba ncinane okanye zikhulu, zenziwe ziipalali ezinemibala emihlanu eqaqambileyo, kwaye ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezikwiklasta. Iziqhamo zininzi okanye zincinci iimbotyi ezinde eziqulethe iimbewu ezihlala zimnyama kwaye zinefele.

Imizekelo yeembotyi esinayo, umzekelo, idelonix yasebukhosini (ngomsindo), i Acacia, IKesarepinia okanye UVicia sativa (ipeysi).

Poaceae (ingca)

Yintsapho yesine ngobukhulu, ene I-12.100 yeentlobo ezichaziweyo zisasazeke ngaphezulu kwe-820 yezifo. Ngaphandle kokuba yeyesine, yeyokuqala ngokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho, kuba sondla uninzi lwazo ... kunye neefama kunye neenkukhu, kunye nezinye zasekhaya.

Ngokubanzi sithetha ngako ingca, iinkuni, itussock, i-rhizomatous okanye i-stoloniferous, ezinokubakho minyaka le, i-biennial okanye i-perennial ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwendalo. Iziqu zi-cylindrical ukuya kwi-elliptical, ezine-internode ezingenanto okanye eziqinileyo (njengembona), kwaye kuzo zihluma ubude, amanye amagqabi aluhlaza. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezimile okwe-spikelet, kwaye azidibani ngesondo okanye zi-hermaphroditic. Iziqhamo zincinci kwaye zome.

Imizekelo yengca sinayo iTriticum (ingqolowa), i UOryza sativa u UOryza glaberrima (ilayisi), i Zea amaxesha (ngqolowa), i IHordeum vulgare (irhasi), usapho oluncinci iBambusoideae (bambooumbane Oats.

I-Rubiaceae

Okokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, siza kuthetha nawe malunga neRubiaceae. Olu sapho iqulathe ngaphezu kwe-10.000 leendidi ezahlulwe malunga ne-600 yezifo, kwaye yimithi, izihlahla, imifuno, okanye abakhweli, ngokwesiqhelo ngumhlaba wasemhlabeni nangona kukho ezinye eziziiepiphyte. Amagqabi ajongene, ajijwe okanye anqabile i-pinnatifid, angapheli okanye ngamanye amaxesha anqabileyo.

Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence zesiphelo, kwaye kunjalo actinomorphic okanye kunqabile iZygomorphic. Iziqhamo zilula okanye zininzi, kwaye zinokuba ziidrump okanye iicapsule, kwaye ziqulathe imbewu.

Imizekelo yezityalo ezizezolu sapho zezi: Gardenia, i IGalium, okanye bouvardia.

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