UFicus

Izityalo zohlobo lweFicus zezinye zeengcambu ezinde, kangangokuba kungacetyiswa ukuba zibe nazo kwiigadi ezincinci njengoko zinokubangela iingxaki ezininzi. Kodwa ngaphandle koku, ukuba kukho into abanayo, lixabiso lokuhombisa, yiyo loo nto bethandwa kakhulu njengezityalo zangaphakathi, bonsai kwaye, kananjalo, kumabala. Kukho ezinye ezivelisa iziqhamo ezinokutyiwa ezinencasa emnandi UFicus carica, okanye njengoko sisazi eSpain umkhiwane.

Kukho iintlobo ezingama-900 ezahlukeneyo zeFicus ezihlala ikakhulu kwimimandla yetropiki yomhlaba, zihlala emahlathini nakumahlathi emvula. Kodwa kukho iimeko ezizodwa. Siza kulwazi ngakumbi olu hlobo olunokusinika uvuyo oluninzi, ukuba siyayazi indlela yokuyinyamekela.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zikaFicus

UFicus unokuba yimithi, izihlahla okanye abakhweli ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo, zibonakaliswa ngokuba ne-latex ngaphakathi. Le latex yinto emhlophe ebanceda ukuba baphilise amanxeba, kodwa ibangela ukucaphuka nokubomvu kolusu ebantwini.

Ukuphakama kwawo namagqabi ayahluka. Umzekelo UFicus elastica Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza ongangeemitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama unamagqabi alula, anobukhulu obumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-20 ubude ngeesentimitha ezili-10-15 ububanzi, kwelinye icala UFicus carica Ngumthi omncinci onqabileyo we-5-7 yeemitha ukuphakama unamagqabi ane-lobed yesundu.

Kodwa ukuba kukho into abafana ngayo, kukungabinaziqhamo kwabo, okanye njengoko sibabiza njalo: amakhiwane. Izazi zeBotanists zibabiza ngokuba zii syconos, kwaye Ziziqhamo ezingezizo ngaphakathi kwaye ngaphakathi ziintyatyambo, ezivumvuzelwe ngunomeva ezifikelela kubo zingena ngomngxunya omncinci kwelinye icala. Zingaba zikhulu okanye zincinci, zidliwe okanye cha, kodwa zonke zinemilo efanayo.

Iindidi zeFicus

Ezona ntlobo zidumileyo zeFicus zezi:

UFicus benghalensis

Yaziwa ngokuba yi-banyan okanye ikhiwane elikrwitshiweyo, ixhaphake kakhulu eBangladesh, eIndiya naseSri Lanka. Iqala njenge-epiphyte, kodwa iphela isenza isiqu apho kuhluma iingcambu ezisebenza ukubonelela ngenkxaso engcono. Ukuphakama kuyahluka, kodwa ngokubanzi kumalunga neemitha ezili-10. Ulwandiso lwalo, kwelinye icala, lunokuba nomtsalane: kuye kwafunyanwa iisampulu ezihlala kwindawo eyi-12 lamawaka eemitha zesikwere.

Inqaba ukuya kuthi ga kwiidigri eziyi-0; Oko kukuthi, inokuhlala kuphela kwimozulu ngaphandle kweqabaka. Ngapha koko, eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ayiwi ngaphantsi kwe-2ºC.

UFicus benjamina

Yaziwa njenge I-indian laurel okanye i-ficus benjamina, ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza okhula eMzantsi-mpuma Asia nase-Australia. Ngaphandle kwegama lakhe lokugqibela, sisityalo esinokufikelela ngokulula kwiimitha ezili-15 ukuphakama. Umboko unokuba sisityebe kakhulu, kodwa ungabi butyebanga njengobunye bezinye iintlobo (kunqabile ukuba udlule kwimitha enye ubukhulu).

Ukumelana neqabaka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2ºC, ukuba nje bafika ngexesha.

UFicus carica

Nguye umkhiwane oqhelekileyo, isapling esinqumlayo somthi oyinzalelwane yoMzantsi-mpuma weAsia esiye safunyanwa kummandla weMeditera. Ifikelela kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezi-8, ngeglasi evuleke kakhulu ukuba ivumelekile ukuba ikhule yodwa. Amagqabi enziwe ngamaphepha ama-3 okanye ama-7 aluhlaza, kwaye awela ekwindla-ebusika. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ivelisa iziqhamo, amakhiwane, atyiwayo.

Sisityalo esigcina phezulu ukuya ku -7ºC.

UFicus elastica (Isinxibelelanisi. UFicus robusta)

Waziwa kakhulu ngegama lika intlaka kunye nomthi werabha, ngumthi oluhlaza oluhlala luvela eIndiya naseIndonesia oko ifikelela phakathi kweemitha ezi-20 ukuya kwezi-30 ubude. Umboko wayo uyajiya ukuya kuthi xhaxhe ngeemitha ezi-2, kwaye amasebe awo ahluma amagqabi oblong afikelela kwiisentimitha ezingama-30 ubude nakwiisentimitha ezili-10 ububanzi.

Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesityalo sangaphakathi, nangona ifuna ukukhanya kakhulu ukuze iphile kakuhle. Ukumelana ukuya kwi - 1ºC.

UFicus lyrata

Yaziwa njenge igqabi lomthi womkhiwane, kwaye ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza okwemveli eNtshona Afrika oko ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-15 ukuphakama. Amagqabi aluhlaza, afikelela kumasentimitha angama-45 ubude ngeesentimitha ezingama-30 ububanzi xa sele ekhulile.

Akayithandi ingqele. Kungcono ukuba ubenaso njengesityalo esingaphakathi endlwini okanye kwigreenhouse ukuba iqondo lobushushu lehla ngaphantsi kwe-5ºC.

UFicus macrophylla

El UFicus macrophylla Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza owaziwa ngokuba ngumkhiwane waseMoreton Bay, oqala ubomi njenge epiphyte kodwa uphele njengomthi. Yinzalelwane yaseOstreliya, ngakumbi unxweme olusempuma, kunye inokukhula ibe ziimitha ezingama-60 ubude. Amagqabi awo abude, ziisentimitha ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-30 ubude, nohlaza ocacileyo.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -4ºC.

UFicus microcarpa (isin. UFicus nitida, uFicus ginseng y UFicus retusa)

El UFicus microcarpa Umthi ohlala uluhlaza owaziwa ngokuba yi-Indian laurel, kwaye ungowokuzalwa e-Asiya, ngakumbi emazantsi nasemazantsi mpuma. Ukuphakama kwayo kumalunga neemitha ezili-15, nangona inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-20 ukuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo zikhona. Njengayo yonke iFicus, ikhupha iingcambu zomoya ezithi xa zichukumisa umhlaba, zijoyine isiqu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Amagqabi aluhlaza ocacileyo, kwaye aphakathi kwe-4 ne-13 cm ubude.

Njengaye F. macrophylla, umelana neqabaka ukuya ku -4ºC.

UFicus pumila (Isinxibelelanisi. UFicus uyabuya)

El UFicus pumila luhlobo oluhlala luhlaza olusenyakatho olusempuma yeAsia. Ukuba unenkxaso, inokuba ziimitha ezi-4 ubude, kodwa ukuba akunjalo, iya kukhula njengesityalo esihle esirhubuluzayo. Amagqabi alula, aluhlaza, kwaye malunga neesentimitha ezili-14 ubude.

Ukumelana nokupholisa nekhephu phantsi ukuya kwi -3ºC.

Inkolo yenkolo

El Inkolo yenkolo Ngumthi onqabileyo okhula endle eNepal, eIndiya, eTshayina, eIndochina naseVietnam. Ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-35 ukuphakama, kunye nesiqu saso silinganisa iimitha ezi-3 okanye kwezinye iimeko silingana ngobubanzi. Amagqabi ayo aluhlaza, ukuya kuthi ga kwiisentimitha ezili-17 ubude ngeesentimitha ezili-12 ububanzi.

Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo, ayinakuthwala ingqele, ke kufuneka ikhuliswe kuphela kwiindawo ezishushu.

Uyinyamekela njani ificus?

Ukuba ufuna ukuba neFicus ekhaya okanye egadini, sicebisa ukuba uyikhathalele ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ubicación:
  • Ngaphandle: mayibe kwindawo enelanga okanye eqaqambileyo, ukuze ikhule kakuhle. Ukuba uza kuba nayo emhlabeni, gcinani engqondweni ukuba iingcambu zawo zingene kakhulu, ke kuya kufuneka utyale ubuncinci iimitha ezili-10 ukusuka apho kukho imibhobho.
  • Ngaphakathi: yibeke egumbini apho kukho ukukhanya okuninzi, kwaye apho ikude kude nedrafti. Ngokunjalo ukufuma kufuneka kubephezulu, ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubeke izikhongozeli ngamanzi okanye izityalo- ngeembiza zazo - ngeenxa zonke.
• Unkcenkceshelo: Ihlala njani amanzi i-ficus? Kuxhomekeke. Ehlotyeni kunokuba yimfuneko ukuyinkcenkceshela kathathu okanye kane ngeveki, ngelixa ebusika izakunkcenkceshelwa kathathu okanye kabini kwintsuku ezisixhenxe.
• UmbhalisiKuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uyichumise, ngakumbi ukuba isembizeni, kunye nezichumisi ezityebile kwizakhamzimba ezinje ngeguano okanye mulch. Kwenze ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ehlotyeni.
• Ukutshintshwa: Intwasahlobo lixesha elifanelekileyo lokulima egadini, okanye kwimbiza enkulu ukuba kukho imfuneko. Ngendlela, ukufakelwa kulowo ufumana indawo enkulu kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-2 okanye emi-3.
• UkuthenaAsikukhuthazi ukuthena, kuba ubuhle beFicus bubungakanani bayo, ubuhle bayo. Ngoku, ngamanye amaxesha alukho olunye ukhetho, nokuba kungenxa yokuba ufuna ukulawula ukukhula kwayo kwaye unayo ngobukhulu obuncinci. Ke ukuba kuya kufuneka uyithene, ungayenza ekuqaleni kokuwa okanye kwentwasahlobo.

Ificus ingaphila iminyaka emingaphi?

Uninzi, kodwa luxhomekeke kwinkathalo oyifumanayo kwaye uyigcina phi. Umzekelo, iisampulu ze UFicus benghalensis ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200 ubudala, kodwa a UFicus benjamina ikhulele embizeni ngaphakathi kunqabile ukuba iphile ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10. BendinomkhiwaneF.carica) egadini ukuba kwiminyaka engama-50 isiqu esiphambili safa kwaye ngoku abantwana bahlala.

Ukufumana yonke into ekufuneka iphile ukuze uphile, eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba nayo ngaphandle, ityalwe emhlabeni, kwaye ukunqande ukuthena kakhulu.

Zinjani iingcambu zeficus?

Iingcambu zezi zityalo zinkulu, zinomtsalane kwaye zityebile. Banokwandisa iimitha ezininzi (i-10 ubuncinci), kwaye kulula kubo ukuba baphule imibhobho kunye nemigangatho egangathiweyo.

Ngelixa kukho izilimo ezinqabileyo, ezinje nge UFicus benjamina »Kinky» ezingagqithiyo kwiimitha ezi-2 ukuphakama, ukuba ufuna ukubeka omnye wale mithi egadini yakho kungcono ukuba uyibeke kude nento enokutshabalalisa ukuba ibikufuphi.

Siyathemba ukuba ukuthandile ukufunda ngakumbi ngoFicus.