Imbotyi (Fabaceae)

Iimbotyi zizityalo ezinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekhitshini. Ngembewu yayo silungisa izitya ezinje ngeelentile eziphekiweyo okanye iimbotyi, ukongeza ekubeni mnandi kunezibonelelo zempilo ezibalulekileyo. Ngapha koko, ukuba sisityebi kwifayibha kunye neeproteni, kukutya okunomdla kakhulu ukukubandakanya nakuphi na ukutya okunempilo.

Kodwa, ubusazi ukuba kukho ezinye izityalo eziyimidumba kwaye, endaweni yoko, sisebenzisa kuphela ukuhombisa iigadi zethu kunye / okanye iipatio? Le yimithi kunye namatyholo athi, nangona engafane abe nembewu elungele ukutyiwa ngabantu, abonise ezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngeentyatyambo ezibonisa kakhulu kunye / okanye ngaphezulu kokumelana nembalela.

Zintoni iimbotyi?

Las iimbotyi zizityalo ezivelisa iziqhamo ngohlobo lweembotyi; Oko kukuthi, inde kunye nembewu erhangqiweyo okanye embhoxo embala omdaka, mhlophe, luhlaza okanye umbala omnyama kuxhomekeke kudidi. Bahlulwe phakathi kosapho lakwaFabaceae, ke ngoku kufanelekile ukuba bathi zizityalo ezintle.

Zifumaneka kwiindawo apho imozulu ishushu okanye ifudumele, kodwa kukho inani elikhulu leentlobo kwimimandla eshushu kunye neetropiki yeAfrika kunye neMelika. Ukongeza, zininzi ezixhasa ixesha elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi, kuba zineengcambu ezikhula kwiimitha ezininzi ezantsi komhlaba zikhangela ukufuma. Ezi ntlobo zezona zinamagqabi amancinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye, njengoko zisebenzisa amanzi amancinci kunalawo makhulu. Kubalulekile ukongeza oko balungisa i-nitrogen yomoya esemhlabeni.

Nangona xa sithetha ngeembotyi, ii-ertyisi, iimbotyi zesoya, okanye iimbotyi umzekelo zize engqondweni, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba ezo zivelisa imbewu efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa zimbalwa. Zininzi, zininzi ngakumbi ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuhombisa.

Uyintoni umahluko phakathi kwembotyi nembotyi?

Imidumba sisiqhamo semidumba; Oko kukuthi, iimbotyi ziluhlobo lwesityalo. Ezi zineembewu ezihlala zihluma kakuhle, nokuba zihlwayelwe ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ziyimifuno, okanye unyango lwaphambi kwexesha olubizwa ngokuba kukothuka kobushushu ukuba yimithi.

Umothuko wobushushu ubandakanya ukuwafaka emanzini abilayo umzuzwana ngoncedo lwesisefo, emva koko uwafake kwenye iglasi yamanzi kubushushu begumbi iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuwahlwayela.

Ucalucalulo lweembotyi

Imidumba ihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Uhlanga Cercidae: yimithi kunye namatyholo aneentyatyambo ezibonisa kakhulu njenge Bauhinia variegata okanye UCercis siliquastrum.
• Uhlanga Detarieae: kubandakanya imithi ethi, ubukhulu becala, izalelwe eAfrika, njenge UTamarindus indica (tamarind).
• Uhlobo lweDuparquetia: inodidi olunye kuphela, i IDuparquetia orchidacea,, ongumthi omncinci ozelwe e-tropical Afrika.
• Usapho olungezantsi lweCaesalpinioideae: kulapho sizakufumana khona izityalo zokuhombisa, ezinje ngeCaesalpinia, iSenna okanye i ICeratonia siliqua (umthi wecarob).
• Usapho lweMimosoideae: Umnga, isityalo IMimosa pudica, okanye uCalliandra bakule ntsapho. Zizityalo ezibonakaliswa ngokuba ne-inflorescence ekhumbuza iipompoms zebhalenda, ubungakanani bazo kunye nombala wazo ziyahluka ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kolunye.
• Usapho olunguFaboideaekuyo siza kufumana iimbotyi ezifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa, njengeembotyi (Vicia wenzaokanye iiperesi (IPisum sativum). Kodwa nezinye izityalo ezinomdla wokuhombisa, ezinje ngomthi weErythrina.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeembotyi ezityiwayo?

Ngoku siza kugxila kwezo mbotyi zidliwayo. Ezi zezinokuthi sikhule egadini, okanye ukuba ukhetha kwisitya seentyatyambo, usebenzise imbewu yazo. Njengokuba:

• imbotyi: ikwabizwa ngokuba ziimbotyi okanye iimbotyi zezintso, ziyimbewu yesityalo esinegama lenzululwazi Phaseolus vulgaris. Zityebile kwiiproteni, ifayibha kwaye ziqulathe izimbiwa kunye neevithamini A kunye no-B. Yonyaka kwaye iyenyuka, ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ifikelela kwi-1 yemitha.
• Iimbotyi ezibanzi: ziyimbewu yengca Vicia wenza. Yonyaka, kwaye inokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-1,5 ukuphakama. Sesona sithako siphambili kwiimbotyi zesityu, nangona zinikwa zomile (Oko kukuthi, zilungiswe ngaphandle komhluzi), kwaye zintsha. Ngumthombo otyebileyo weevithamini, ifayibha, kunye neeminerali ezinje ngemagniziyam, isinyithi kunye necalcium.
• Iileyile: ziveliswa sisityalo esinemifuno Ilensi culinaris. Le yiisentimitha ezingama-40 ukuphakama, kwaye yenye yezona mbotyi zityebileyo kwifayibha esele ikho, ibonelela ngeegram ezili-11 kwiigram ezili-100 zokutya. Ukongeza, i-magnesium, i-iron, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium nazo ziyafumaneka kubo, phakathi kwabanye.

• Ipea: ii-ertyisi okanye ii-ertyisi ziyimbewu ye IPisum sativum. Sisityalo setyhefu esinomkhwa wokunyuka ofikelela kubude obungu-60-70 cm. Inika iivithamini ezinje nge-A, B, C kunye no-E, kunye neeminerals ezifana ne-zinc, isodiyam, okanye i-iron.
• zesoya: Isoya iveliswa yi Ubukhulu beGlycine, ingca enokukhula phakathi kweesentimitha ezingama-20-100 ubude. Ngumthombo olungileyo wefayibha, iivithamini, kunye neeminerali.

Zithini izibonelelo zayo?

Iimbotyi zinezibonelelo ezininzi kwimpilo yabantu. Enye yezona ziphambili yile ukunceda ukulwa ukuqhina, ukuphucula ukuhamba kwamathumbu. Ukongeza, zingumthombo obalulekileyo weeproteni zemifuno, ke ukuba uyi-vegan okanye imifuno ungazitya ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Kukutya okuphucula impilo yolusu, iinwele kunye neenzipho. Oku kungenxa yepesenti yayo ephezulu yevithamin B. Kwakhona, zineentsimbi ezininzi, Kubalulekile ekwenziweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, zezo zithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.

Iindidi zezityalo ezihombisayo ezibukekayo

Zininzi iimbotyi ezilinywa kwiigadi, iipatio kunye neethala. Ezinye zazo zezi zilandelayo:

Gillies zeKesarepinia

La Gillies zeKesarepinia Yisihlahla esihlala sihlaza esihlala eArgentina esifikelela kwiimitha ezi-2 ukuphakama. Inamagqabi aneempapasho eziluhlaza ezininzi, kunye neeflorescence ezenziwe ngeentyatyambo ezityheli ehluma entwasahlobo. Iyamelana neqabaka ezantsi ukuya -7ºC.

UCercis siliquastrum (Umthi wothando)

El UCercis siliquastrum Ngumthi onqabileyo owinzalelwane yengingqi yeMeditera onokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-15 ukuphakama, kodwa ngesiqhelo awudluli kwiimitha ezi-5. Ngentwasahlobo iintyatyambo ezipinki zihluma ngqo emasebeni. Iyaxhathisa kakhulu, nangona iqabaka lihleli ukuya kuma kwi - 10ºC.

idelonix yasebukhosini (IFlamboyan)

El ngomsindo Ngumthi wemvelo ovela eMadagascar, kodwa kakhulu, ulinywa kakhulu kwimimandla yetropiki yomhlaba, ngakumbi iMelika. E-Spain siza kuyibona kakhulu kwiiCanary Islands, kodwa kwii-Balearic Islands nakw usingasiqithi kunzima ngakumbi. Ifikelela kwiimitha ezili-15 ukuphakama, kwaye isencinci inesithsaba separasol esenziwe ngamagqabi aluhlaza. Iintyatyambo zayo zibomvu okanye orenji kwaye zilinganisa malunga neesentimitha eziyi-8. Inochuku kwiqabaka.

Erythrina crista-galli (Ceba)

El kapok Ngumthi onqabileyo owinzalelwane yaseArgentina naseBolivia ubukhulu becala ofikelela kubude obuziimitha ezisibhozo. Amagqabi aluhlaza, kwaye iintyatyambo zihlanganiswe ngamaqoqo ombala obomvu obalaseleyo. Ukumelana neqabaka ukuya kwi - 4ºC, ukuba baphile ixesha elifutshane.

Imimosa enobuthathaka (IMimosa pudica)

La IMimosa pudica Sisityalo esizalelwa eBrazil esilinganisa malunga neesentimitha ezingama-70 ukuphakama. Nangona ihlala iminyaka eliqela, eYurophu ikhuliswa njengesityalo sonyaka kuba inganyamezeli ubusika obubandayo. Inamagqabi asondeleyo kubuncinci bokubamba, kunye nezinye iintyatyambo ze-lilac ezibonakala entwasahlobo.

Njengoko ubona, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeembotyi. Siyathemba ukuba uyifumene inika umdla.