Phakathi kwezityalo ezizithandayo zokuhombisa ikhaya lethu ziigeraniums. Nangona eli qela liqulethe iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-250 ezahlukeneyo, zimbalwa kuphela ezisetyenziselwa ixabiso labo elikhulu lokuhombisa. Nangona kunjalo, Bonke banokuchaphazeleka kwii-pathologies ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka siyazi ukuba singaziqonda njani ukuze sibanyange kwangethuba. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kweli nqaku siza kuthetha malunga nezinambuzane kunye nezifo ze-geraniums.
Injongo yethu apha kukwenza ulwandlalo olusisiseko oluya kusinceda ukuba sihlule phakathi kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezifo ze-geraniums. Siza kuthetha ngee-pathologies eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ezi ntlobo zezityalo. Ngokubanzi, xa sifumana isityalo kwiziko legadi, kwiivenkile ezinkulu okanye kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, zihlala zisempilweni. Iingxaki ze-phytosanitary zikholisa ukuvela kamva, ngenxa yolawulo olulambathayo lwezityalo okanye uhlaselo lweentsholongwane ezisuka kummelwane, amasimi okanye iigadi.
Ziziphi izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo zegeraniums?
Kukho izinambuzane ezininzi kunye nezifo ezinokuchaphazela i-geraniums. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukujonga izityalo kwaye ukhangele nayiphi na i-anomaly ngokukhawuleza ukuze uqalise unyango. Okulandelayo siza kudwelisa ezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo edla ngokuchaphazela iigeraniums:
- Ibhabhathane leGeranium: Ikwaziwa njengebhabhathane laseAfrika okanye inundu igeranium. I-arhente ejongene nesi sifo siyingozi kwaye sibalulekileyo ngumbungu UCacyreus marshalli kwaye iyanda kulo lonke ummandla weMeditera kunye noSingasiqithi we-Iberia. Ukuba esi sitshabalalisi asilawulwa, sinokubulala inani elikhulu kakhulu leesampuli. Umbungu UCacyreus marshalli Yenza imingxuma emincinci kwiziqu oza kukhwela kuzo. Ngenxa yoko, omabini amagqabi neentyatyambo ziba buthathaka de ekugqibeleni isityalo sife. Le mibungu sinokuyibona ngombala wayo oluhlaza nobude bayo obumalunga neesentimitha ezimbini.
- Isigcawu esibomvu: Xa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokufuma kuphantsi, malunga nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla, yoyikeka Isigcawu esibomvu, kwaziwa njenge UTetranychus urticae. Ezi ziinkwethu ezincinci ezimalunga ne-0,5 millimeters ngobukhulu kwaye zinombala obomvu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibekwe ngaphantsi kwamagqabi kwaye zibangele umonakalo ongenakulungiswa. Ngenxa yoko, amagqabi afumana umbala oyisilivere kuba ezi zigcawu zitya ijusi yamagqabi, zikhuphe ngokupheleleyo iiseli.
- Iintsholongwane: Kukho ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zeentwala oko kunokuchaphazela i-geraniums. Zizinambuzane ezincinci ezimalunga neemilimitha ezintathu ngobukhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwezona ndawo zithenda kakhulu kwisityalo. Zikhupha uhlobo lombethe wobusi obangela ukuba amagqabi agoqe aze ancangathi. Eyona nto imbi ngesi sitshabalalisi kukuba yongeza ezinye izifo kwisityalo, kuba imolasses ilungele ukuphuhliswa kwefungus. Bold. Ukongeza, iintwala zinokusasaza iintsholongwane.
- Impukane emhlophe: Luhlobo lwempukane ekuthiwa icuba bemisia. Kunzima kakhulu ukuyilawula xa sele izinzile kwisityalo. Apho, icheba umlomo wayo egqabini ize itye incindi. Ngale ndlela, isityalo sibuthathaka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, njengeentwala, i Impukane emhlophe inokusasaza iintsholongwane. Ikhetha amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye neendawo ezifumileyo, yiyo loo nto isitshabalalisi esixhaphakileyo ukusuka entlakohlaza ukuya ekwindla.
- Mealybugs: Kukho kwakhona ezahlukeneyo Iindidi zeemeybugs, kodwa into abafana ngayo bonke kukuba bafunxa izinambuzane. Imodus operandi yazo iyafana neyentwala kunye neempukane ezimhlophe: zincamathela imilomo yazo kwizikhondo okanye kwimithambo yamagqabi ukufunxa incindi. Ngenxa yoko, imifuno iba buthathaka.
- Imibungu: Phakathi kweemopane ezihlasela kakhulu i-geraniums UPieris brassicae y I-Autographa gamma, umzekelo. Ezi ziqwenga zombini iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi esityalo. Njengoko benemilomo ehlafunayo, sinokubona ubukho babo kwimingxunya abayenzayo emagqabini.
- Ingcongconi eluhlaza: Sinambuzane esincancisayo esibizwa ngokuba empoasca lybica. Itya nencindi yamagqabi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amagqabi abe nombala ngendlela efanayo naleyo yeentwala.
- Nematodes: Akuqhelekanga kakhulu ukubona nematodes, kungekhona nje ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncinci, kodwa nangenxa yokuba zifunyenwe kwi-substrate. Ukusuka apho zihlasela ngokuthe ngqo iingcambu zezityalo ukuze zitye incindi yazo. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubhidanisa iimpawu ezizibangelayo ngokunqongophala kwezondlo okanye amanzi agqithisileyo. Ukuze sizazi, simele sisincothule isityalo size sijonge ukuba iingcambu zineqhuma kusini na, nto leyo engumphumo wokuzikhusela kwesityalo ngokwaso ukuze sizimele kwinematodes.
Izifo eziqhelekileyo zegeraniums
Ngokuphathelele izifo zegeraniums, ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo:
- Umhlwa: La umhlwa ukungunda kubangelwa I-Puccinia sp.. Ibonwa ngokubonakala kweepustules ezimnyama ezijika i-orenji phantsi kwamagqabi. Loo magqabi ahlaselwe kakhulu, aphela omile.
- Botrytis: Esinye sezifo ezaziwa kakhulu ibhotile, ebangelwa yi IBotrytis cinerea. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezipholileyo. Ihlasela zombini iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi. Iindawo ezichaphazelekileyo ziyabola kwaye zigqunywe bubungwevu obumnyama.
- I-Oidium: Umngundo womphunga Ibangelwa ngumngundo ekuthiwa Erysiphe spp.. Kulula kakhulu ukuchonga, njengoko kubonakala kwindawo ephezulu yamagqabi njenge-ashy okanye i powder emhlophe. Ezo ndawo zichatshazelwa ngulo mngundo zijika zibe tyheli kwaye ekugqibeleni zome.
- I-Alternariosis: Esinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo zegeraniums yi enye indawo, okubangelwa ngumngundo Alternaria spp.. Xa le pathogen ihlasela, amachokoza amancinci amdaka avela kumagqabi amadala asezantsi okanye aphakathi kwigeranium.
- I-anthracnose: Umngundo onoxanduva kwinto yiyo Gloeosporium pelargonii. Ibangela amabala amnyama okanye amdaka kumahlumela, amaqabunga kunye namagqabi e-geranium. La mabala akhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye agqibe ukubuna iindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Omnye umngundo obangela amabala afana kakhulu kuthiwa Ascochyta spp..
- Isifo sonyawo: ebangelwa ngumngundo IPythium spp., ukugula kweenyawo kuhlasela intamo yemifuno. Inxalenye echaphazelekayo iphetha ngokubola, ngaloo ndlela ibangela ukufa kwesityalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala xa i-geranium isencinci kwaye ikhokelela kumanzi amaninzi emhlabeni. Kwakhona sinokuyibona ngokuba mnyama okubonakala entanyeni yesiqu kumgangatho ophantsi. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuhamba kunye nomgubo okhanyayo kunye ocacileyo.
Indlela yokulwa nezifo ze-geranium?
Nje ukuba sicace malunga nezinambuzane okanye isifo se-geraniums ekhoyo, Kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza. Unyango esinokuluqhuba luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwentsholongwane echaphazela izityalo.
unyango lwezinambuzane
Kwimeko yezinambuzane, zizinambuzane ezahlukeneyo ezinokuba zizityalo ezonakalisayo. Ngoko ke, ngamnye unonyango oluthile. Siza kuphawula ngazo ngezantsi.
- Ibhabhathane leGeranium: Kungcono ukuzama ukuthintela esi sibetho, kodwa xa sithe savela singaliwa ngonyango lwenkqubo yezinambuzane. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuthena iziqu ezisulelekileyo, oko kukuthi, ezo zinombungu ngaphakathi.
- Isigcawu esibomvu: Olona nyango lusebenzayo kukusetyenziswa kwee-acaricides, ukumanzisa isityalo esingena kuso.
- Iintsholongwane: Indlela yokunyanga iintwala kukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala izinambuzane.
- Impukane emhlophe: Izitshabalalisi ezicwangcisiweyo zikwasetyenziswa ukulwa neflyfly.
- Mealybugs: Nangona kuyinyani ukuba i-mealybugs nazo ziyalwa nezibulali zinambuzane, kunzima ukuzisusa ngenxa yeqokobhe elizikhuselayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqaliswe unyango xa besesekwinqanaba lokuqala lokuhlasela, ekubeni igobolondo labo aliphuhliswanga kakuhle.
- Imibungu: Xa kuziwa ekulweni namacimbi, sinokusebenzisa ukudibanisa okanye i-systemic insecticides. Kungcono ukuzisebenzisa ngokukhawuleza xa sibona amabhabhathane kwizityalo, njengoko zizo ezibeka iimopane.
- Ingcongconi eluhlaza: Ilwa ne-systemic insecticide.
unyango lwezifo
Xa kufikwa ekunyangeni izifo ze-geranium, i-fungicides isoloko isetyenziswa endaweni yoko, njengoko uninzi lubangelwa ngumngundo. Nangona kunjalo, unyango kunye nohlobo lwemveliso iya kuxhomekeka isifo umbuzo. Makhe sibone indlela yokulwa izifo ezichazwe ngasentla:
- Umhlwa: Tshisa izityalo ezichaphazelekileyo ukuze utshabalalise iimbewu zazo.
- Botrytis: Faka imichiza ethile yokungunda, uthintele isityalo ekwenzakaleni kwaye usibeke kwindawo engena umoya.
- I-Oidium: Sebenzisa i-antioidios (i-fungicide) kwaye ususe amasebe kunye namagqabi achaphazeleke kakhulu ngumngundo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba kubekho umoya omhle.
- I-Alternariosis: Nyanga ngemichiza yokungunda esekwe kubhedu.
- I-anthracnose: Faka imichiza ethile yokungunda ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba iimpawu zokuqala zivele. Kubalulekile ukumanzisa yonke indawo yasemoyeni yemifuno.
- Isifo sonyawo: Amanzi aneyeza elithile lokungunda elinyityilisiweyo emanzini. Gcina i-substrate ifumile ngaphandle kokuyikhukula (kungenziwa kwakhona ukukhusela esi sifo).
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube luncedo kuni nobabini ekubhaqeni nasekunyangeni iipathologies zegeraniums zenu.