Ngokuqinisekileyo uye wadibana ne-elm ngamaxesha athile ngelixa uthatha uhambo okanye usiya kuhambo. Le mithi mikhulu ibiyinxalenye yembali yomntu ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo, kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi okuninzi ngazo, njengesiqhamo esiveliswa yi<em>elm.
Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni i-elm, ukuhanjiswa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukongeza, siya kuphendula umbuzo omkhulu owenziwe sisihloko sesi sithuba: Sisiphi isiqhamo esithwala i-elm? Ungalibazisi ukuqhubeka ufunda ukuba unomdla kule mithi!
Yintoni i-elm?
Ngaphambi kokucacisa ukuba zeziphi iziqhamo ezithwala i-elm, siya kuqala sichaze ukuba yintoni le mifuno. Ludidi lomthi oluyinxalenye yosapho ulmaceae nefumana igama lenzululwazi Ulmus. Iindidi zolu didi yimithi evuthulukayo enobukhulu obuqinileyo kwaye inde. Bayakwazi ukufikelela kwiimitha ezingamashumi amane ubude.
Phakathi kweentlobo eziqhelekileyo yi Ulmus omncinci, ekwaziwa njengesiqhelo okanye i-elm emnyama. Inesiqu esityebileyo nesigoso kancinci. Isenokude ikhutshelwe kwisampulu ezindala, ngakumbi ezo bezithenwe. Amaxolo awo anombala ongwevu-mdaka okanye mnyama kwaye aneentanda kwaye arhabaxa. Isithsaba saso kufuneka sigxininiswe, esibanzi kwaye sijikelezwe ngamahlamvu ashinyeneyo, anika umthunzi omhle ngeentsuku zelanga. Amasebe mancinci kwaye akanaboya kwaye amaxolo awo agudileyo kwaye amdaka.
Ngokuphathelele amaqabunga e-elm, ezi zibonakaliswe kwaye zijikelezwe ngomphetho odibeneyo. Bane-basal asymmetry, ekubeni umgama wokufakwa okuphezulu kwe-limbus ungaphantsi kokufakwa kunye ne-ramillo. Ngokuphathelele iintyatyambo zalo mthi mkhulu, ezi ntyatyambo zisemagqabini. Zihlanganiswe kwii-inflorescences ezinokuquka ukuya kwiintyatyambo ezingamashumi amathathu. Isiqhamo sinokuvuthwa kwaye sisasazeke nangaphambi kokuba amagqabi e-elm akhule ngokupheleleyo.
ukuhanjiswa kweelm
Sinokufumana iielms kwintshona yeAsia, kuninzi lweYurophu nakuMntla Afrika. Ngumthi lowo kudala wawulinywa ngabantu. Ngexesha lamaRoma ummandla wayo wandiswa kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni umda wayo ngokwenene. Ngokomzekelo, iziqithi zaseMallorca, iMenorca kunye ne-Ibiza zineelms, kodwa akwaziwa ukuba zizenzekelayo okanye ziyalinywa. Ukongeza, le mithi ifumaneka phantse kuyo yonke iPeninsula yase-Iberia, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kule mimandla inemozulu yeMeditera.
Xa ukhula lo mthi mkhulu, kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ube nzulu kwaye ube mtsha. Ezona ndawo zigqwesileyo ziindonga zemilambo kunye nemithi, apho sinokufumana khona eminye imithi rhoqo njenge iipopu, iialders, imithi yomlotha y iisosi.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimozulu, eyona nto ingcono kwi-elms ipholile, yiyo loo nto ingaqhelekanga ukubona le mithi ngaphezu kwewaka leemitha ngaphezu kolwandle. I-elm ikholisa ukuntywila ekupheleni kobusika, phakathi kukaFebruwari noMatshi, ngelixa iziqhamo zayo zisasazwa ngo-Epreli.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isini Ulmus uye wabandezeleka kule minyaka ilikhulu idlulileyo ubhubhane osebenzayo nobalulekileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-«Igraphiosis«. Ibangelwa ngumngundo ekuthiwa Ophiostoma novo-ulmi y Ophiostoma ulmi. Ezi zihlasela phantse zonke iintlobo zemithi yeelm. Ngenxa yoko, le mithi namhlanje isengozini yokuphela. Kunzima ngandlel’ ithile ukukholelwa, ekubeni ii<em>elm zazigqalwa njengeyona mithi ixhaphakileyo ehlabathini ngaphambi kokuba kuvele lo bhubhani. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba inani leelm eziqhelekileyo lincitshiswe phakathi kwe 80% kunye ne 90%.Ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mithi kwisitiya sakho, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba isifo sisasazwa ngooqongqothwane. Ndincoma ukuba ujonge kwinqaku lethu indlela yokugxotha okanye ukuphelisa i-elm beetle.
Sebenzisa
Njengoko sele sichazile ngaphambili, imithi ye-elm iye yalinywa ngabantu ixesha elide. Oku kungenxa yosetyenziso oluninzi olunikiweyo. Ixolo, umzekelo, lisetyenziswa yenza i-tinctures ezisetyenziswa kunyango lwezifo ezinzima eziye zenziwa ziintsholongwane eziyinxalenye yolu didi Clostridium, ezidla ngokuxhathisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Kwakhona iinkuni eziqinileyo nezixineneyo zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukuvelisa ii-asi zamavili kunye needyokhwe zenqwelo. Kwakhona, yayithandwa kakhulu kulwakhiwo lweenqanawa.
Isiqhamo se-elm
Ekubeni ngoku sele sisazi okungakumbi ngalo mthi mhle, makhe sijonge eyona nto ibangela umdla kuthi: Sisiphi isiqhamo esithwala i<em>elm? Kaloku, ayisosiqhamo esingqukuva nesiyinyama esibonakala kakhulu kwimithi yeziqhamo. Kwimeko ye-elm, iziqhamo ziyi-samaras. Ezi zinemilo ecaba kwaye zinephiko le-orbicular elijikeleze ngokupheleleyo imbewu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibekwe ngokwamaqela kwaye zihlala zinobude obuphakathi kwesixhenxe kunye nesithoba seemilimitha. I-Samaras luhlobo lwesiqhamo esomileyo esingena-indehiscent, oko kukuthi: Ayivuleki ngevalvu. Ngombulelo kwimilo yayo, kulula kakhulu ukuba isasazeke emoyeni.
Ekuqaleni, umbala we-elm samaras uluhlaza okhanyayo kunye neethoni ezibomvu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikufutshane nembewu. Ngaphambi kokuwa ijika umbala otyheli-mdaka. Zombini kwi-elms nakwimithi yothuthu okanye i-ailantos, imbewu isembindini wephiko lesamara. Kwezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-maple, idla ngokuhlala kwelinye icala lesiqhamo, ngelixa iphiko lidlulela kwelinye icala.
Inomdla kakhulu ukuba indalo ibonelela njani ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicwangciso ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo kunye neentlobo. Kakade ke, ayisayi kuze iphele ukusimangalisa!