Nawa nau'in tsirrai suke a duniya?

Muna da matukar sa'a da rayuwa a duniyar da rayuwa, ta dabba da ta shuke-shuke, ta wanzu a yawancin duniya. Dukkanin masarautun suna rayuwa tare cikin jituwa, galibi suna haifar da alaƙar alaƙa don taimaka musu mafi dacewa da mazauninsu.

Amma, Shin kun taɓa mamakin nau'in tsirrai iri-iri? Wannan tambaya ce mai matukar ban sha'awa, ba tare da wata shakka ba, a ƙarshe tana da amsa, kodayake bamu sani ba idan tabbatacciya ce 😉.

Nau'i nawa ne a duniya?

A shekarar 2011 kungiyar masana kimiyya sun so sanin irin nau'in halittun da aka gano har zuwa yau, kuma sun yi nasara. A halin yanzu, sananne ne cewa akwai miliyan 8,7, wanda miliyan 6,5 na ƙasa da miliyan 2,2 na ruwa. Daga wannan adadi mai ban mamaki, Miliyan 7,77 nau'ukan dabbobi ne, 298.000 na tsirrai da 611.000 na fungal. Koyaya, bisa ƙididdigar ƙwararru, kusan 86% na nau'ikan ƙasa da kashi 91% na nau'in halittun ruwa ba a gano su ba.

Menene ma'anar wannan? Da kyau, asali, menene ba mu san komai sosai game da nau'ikan rayuwar da ke rayuwa a wannan kyakkyawar duniyar tamu ba, kadai wanda ya dace da kwanan wata da muka sani yana ɗauke da rayuwa. Don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa lokaci zuwa lokaci ana sanar da gano wani sabon dabba ko nau'in shuka.

Waɗanne irin tsire-tsire ake da su?

Akwai nau'ikan da yawa: itatuwa, dabino, conifers, shrubs, ganye, masu hawan dutse, ferns, mosses ... Kowannensu yana da halaye irin nasa wadanda suka sanya su na daban, amma dukansu suna da wani abu iri ɗaya: suna aiwatar da hotuna; ma'ana, suna canza makamashin rana zuwa abinci. A yin haka, sun saki oxygen, ba tare da waninmu da zai kasance a yau.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa za mu nuna muku wasu misalan tsirrai, don ku ma ku yi mamakin yadda Kingdomasar Masarautar Shuke-shuke za ta kasance.

Amma menene manyan abubuwansa?

Ruwan teku

Tarihin juyin halittar shuke-shuke ya fara ne da bayyanar algae, da farko wadanda basu da kwayar halitta, wadanda suka kunshi kwaya daya, daga baya kuma wadanda suka da yawa. A ina suke zaune? Da kyau, a da can kawai suna rayuwa ne a cikin teku, amma yayin da suke haɓaka, nau'ikan nau'ikan hadaddun abubuwa sun bayyana, suna samar da tushe mai iya daukar hoto a waje da ruwan teku ... amma suna kusa da shi.

An yi imanin cewa algae na farko, wanda ake kira Archaeplastida, ya bayyana kadan fiye da shekaru miliyan 1.500 da suka gabataYayinda jan algae, wadanda sune suka banbanta don haifar da jinsin da muka sani a yau, sunkai kimanin shekaru miliyan 1.200 da suka gabata.

Ire-iren nau'in algae

Waɗannan su ne wasu:

Chondrus mai ban sha'awa

Al Chondrus mai ban sha'awa An san shi azaman ganshin Irish kuma nau'in jan algae ne wanda yake zuwa gabar Tekun Atlantika na Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Ganyensa na karya sun tashi daga tushe mai ƙarfi, kuma duk yana da launi mai launi.

Ulva lactuka

An san shi da lamilla ko latas na teku, da Ulva lactuka Alga ne tare da laminar koren thallus (ganye na ƙarya a cikin takarda), a ɗora kuma tare da yadudduka biyu na ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka tsayar da su zuwa ƙasa ta hanyar rhizoids. Yana girma don auna 18cm a tsayi fiye da 30cm a faɗi.

Moss

Mosses, wanda matsakaicin tsayinsa yakai santimita 10, shuke-shuke ne masu ban sha'awa. Tsananin magana nau'ikan shuke-shuken bryophyte ne wadanda ba jijiyoyin jini ba (ma'ana ba su da tabarau a ciki, ba kamar sauran waɗanda za mu gani ba), waɗanda aka yi da koren ganyaye ... sai idan an yi ruwan sama.

A dalilin wannan, zamu same su a saman rufin gidaje, duwatsu, bango, bango, jikin bishiyoyi, ... duk inda akwai ɗan ruwa kaɗan ko mafi ƙarancin lokaci.

Nau'in nau'ikan gansakuka

Waɗannan su ne wasu:

Polytrichum tsananin

Al Polytrichum tsananin An san shi azaman ganshin gashi, alkamar tsuntsu ko alkama tattabara, kuma tana da gashi da yawa waɗanda ke rufe ta. Ganyayyaki suna nuna kuma an shirya su a madaidaiciya karkacewa kusa da daskararren tushe, wanda ya kai tsayi daga 4 zuwa 20 santimita.

Fallax na sphagnum

Wanda aka sani da ganshin sphagnum, ko sphagnum, da Fallax na sphagnum Tsirrai ne na asalin Hasashen Arewa, wanda ya ƙunshi babban nau'in ɓarna daga inda rassa ke tashi a cikin fascicles, tare da branchesanƙatattun rassa 2-3, da kuma rassan kore rataye 2-4.

Ganye

Lokacin da muke maganar ganye galibi muna nufin "sako", ko ciyawar filin. Amma, menene idan na gaya muku cewa ana iya rarraba su gwargwadon nau'in ganye, kuma wannan kawai banbanci ne da sauran mutane da za'a iya yi? Kar ku damu, ba zan rikitar da shi ba:

Akwai ganye iri biyu: kunkuntar-zaki, waxanda suke graminoids (ciyawa) kamar duk waxanda ake iya amfani dasu don ciyawa misali, da kuma masu faɗakarwa waɗanda ake kira forbias. A cikin wannan rukuni na ƙarshe mun sami megaphorbias ko katuwar ganye, wanda anan ne dabino ko muses (itacen ayaba).

Tsawon rayuwarsu ya bambanta sosai:

• Annual: girma, girma, fure, beara fruitan itace kuma sun mutu a cikin shekara (da ɗan kaɗan). Misalai: masara, kankana, fis.
• Biannuals: a shekarar farko sun yi girma kuma sun girma, na biyu sun yi fure, suna ba da fruita fruita kuma suna mutuwa. Misalan: foxglove, faski, alayyaho ko karas.
• Vivacious ko na shekara-shekara: sune wadanda suke rayuwa shekaru 3 ko sama da haka (wasu dabinon ma sun wuce karnin rayuwa). Ya danganta da nau'in nau'in tsire-tsire, zai iya fara fure tun farkon shekarar farko ta rayuwa, ko kuma daga baya. Misali, itaciyar dabino tana fitar da furanninta na farko a cikin shekaru 5-7 idan yanayi yayi kyau, amma geranium yan watanni bayan dasa shuki na iya fure (Ina magana ne daga gogewa) Misalai: carnation, gazania, tsuntsun aljanna, dabinai, bromeliads da kuma bulbous, da sauransu.

Nau'in tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire

Muna nuna muku abubuwa masu zuwa:

melon kokwamba

El melon kokwambada aka sani da gwangwani, kuma yana da shekaru zagaye na asali na asali ga Iran, Anatolia, da Caucasus. Veloara tsiro mai tushe, tare da ganyen dabino wanda ke samar da furanni rawaya kuma, a bayansu, fruitsa fruitsan itãcen marmari waɗanda ke ta zobe ga lipa berriesan ellipsoidal masu dacewa da amfanin ɗan adam.

Tsarin dijital

Nau'in Tsarin dijital, da aka sani da foxgwal, dijital, masu shayarwa, viluria ko gauntlet, wani ganye ne mai shekara biyun da ke zuwa Turai, arewa maso yammacin Afirka, da Tsakiya da Yammacin Asiya. Yana samar da doguwar tushe tsakanin tsayin 0,50 da mita 2,5, daga wanda haƙori, mai sauƙi da madadin ganye suka toho. An haɗu da furannin a gungu masu rataye kuma tubular ne, ruwan hoda mai zurfi a waje kuma purple ne a ciki.

Gazania ta girma

La gazaniya o Gazania ta girma, wani tsiro ne na shekara-shekara ko ɗan shekara wanda yake asalin Afirka ta Kudu da Mozambique hakan ya kai matsakaicin tsayi na santimita 30. Ganyayyaki suna da tsayi, kore a gefen sama kuma suna da fari a ƙasan. Furannin suna kama da dais, suna buɗewa sai da rana.

Ferns

Ana ɗaukar Ferns a matsayin burbushin halittu masu rai, tunda sun bayyana kusan shekaru miliyan 420 da suka gabata. Waɗannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne na jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ba sa samar da tsaba (amma spores), rhizomatous, kuma tare da manyan ganyayyaki waɗanda aka fi sani da fronds ko megaphils, yawanci pinnate, koren ko launuka daban-daban. Tsayin yana da canzawa dangane da jinsunan: suna iya girma har zuwa santimita 20 a tsayi, ko kuma zasu iya wuce mita 5 kamar yadda itacen ferns waxanda, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, su ne waxanda ke da siffar bishiya ta hanyar samar da akwatin qarya.

Wurin da yake zaune yawanci galibi gandun daji ne da dazukan wurare masu zafi sama da komai, a ƙarƙashin inuwar da bishiyoyi ke bayarwa, kuma inda yanayin danshi yake da yawa.

Fern iri

Muna nuna muku wadannan:

Cyathea arborea

An san shi da katuwar fern ko sandar jatan lande, da Cyathea arborea Yana da nau'in nau'in fern evergreen cewa ya kai tsayin mita 9. Asali ne ga filaye da dazuzzuka na Antilles, kuma yana haɓaka kambi wanda ya ƙunshi mafi ƙarancin ƙwanƙwasa goma da ƙwanƙwara (ganye).

Tsakar gida

El Tsakar gida Yana da ɗan asalin ƙasar america tare da ɗan rhizome mai rarrafe, wanda ya kai tsayi tsakanin santimita 15 da 80. Fuskokin suna da tsini, koren mai farin fari.

conifers

Conifers suna da kyawawan shuke-shuke. Ba sa samar da furanni masu ban sha'awa, amma hakan yana daga cikin halayen da suka sa su zama na musamman. Suna daya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan shuke-shuke, sun bayyana a Duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata.

Wannan rukuni na shuke-shuke yawanci yana da madaidaiciyar akwati kuma galibi yana da tsayi sosai, ya wuce mita 30 a tsayi. Kambin ta na iya zama na pyramidal ko kuma mai zagaye, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarami ko shortan gajeren elongated ganye, koren launuka kuma tare da ɗabi'a mai ɗorewa, rabin-girma ko ɗabi'a mara kyau. 'Ya'yan itacenta sune muke kuskuren kira abarba (bawai a rikita shi da abarba, wanda sunansa na kimiyya shine abarba comosus wanda shine bromeliad), amma zasu iya zama cones.

Kasancewar mun dade muna jujjuya rayuwa, kuma munci galaba akan glaciations da kowane irin yanayi, a yau zamu iya jin dadin kyaun gandun daji na Arctic, tsawon rai ya juye ya zama ragargajewa a dunkule Tsarin fure a cikin duwatsu na Amurka, abubuwan ban mamaki na manyan katako na katako na Amurka, ko kuma kyawawan pine kwayoyi na Pinus na dabba, nau'in autochthonous na Bahar Rum.

Nau'o'in tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire

Muna nuna muku abubuwa masu zuwa:

Cupressus sempervirens

An san shi azaman sanannen itacen cypress ko kuma itacen cypress na Bahar Rum Cupressus sempervirens itaciya ce wacce ke da ƙoshin lafiya a gabashin Rum. Ya kai tsayin mita 30 ko fiye, tare da kofin da zai iya zama dala ko a kwance. Ganyayyaki masu ƙyalli ne, kuma suna da girma sosai, ganyen kore mai duhu. Tsayin rayuwarta yakai kimanin shekaru 1000.

Tsarin fure

El Tsarin fure, wanda aka fi sani da itacen pine mai tsawon rai, asalinsa zuwa tsaunukan kudu maso gabashin Amurka ne. Yana girma tsakanin mita 5 zuwa 15, tare da dunƙule ƙwanƙwasa har zuwa mita 3,6. Ganyayyakin suna acicular, m, har zuwa 4cm tsawo, da duhu kore. Tsammani na rayuwa, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana da tsayi sosai: a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1964, ɗalibin da ya kammala karatun digiri ya yanke Prometheus, samfurin da ya fi shekaru 5000 da haihuwa.

Bishiyoyi

Bishiyoyi iri ne na shuke-shuke da ke da itacen itace wanda ake kira akwati tare da rawanin reshe wanda ke da babban reshe mai haske. Tsayin da suka isa ya bambanta gwargwadon nau'in, amma masana galibi sun yarda cewa suna da mafi ƙarancin tsawo na mita 5 da kaurin gangar aƙalla santimita 10.

Idan muka yi magana game da ganye, za su iya zama masu yankewa, masu ƙarancin ruwa ko na shekaru; babba, matsakaici ko karami; mai sauƙi ko mai haɗawa da wasu takardu daban-daban (takardun shaida), ... kuma galibi koren launi, amma kuma yana iya zama mai launin ruwan kasa-ja (Fagus sylvatica var. atropurpurea misali yana da su na wannan launi).

A ina suke zaune? A duk faɗin duniya, ban da wurare masu tsauri. Akwai wadanda ke rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi, kamar su Acacia azabtarwa ko adansonia digitata (baobab); wasu da suka fi son yanayin yanayi mai sanyi da damuna mai sanyi, kamar yadda yawancinsu suka kasance maples ko itacen oak; wasu, a gefe guda, kamar lokacin bazara mai zafi da ƙarancin zafi a lokacin sanyi, kamar carob ko almond.

Bishiyoyi 'na zamani' sun fara juyin halitta ne a cikin zamanin Cretaceous, ma'ana, kimanin shekaru miliyan 145 da suka gabata. A wancan lokacin suna daga cikin jarumai game da haihuwar angiosperm shuke-shuke.

Shin conifers suna dauke da bishiyoyi?

Ee, amma ina so in sanya su daban saboda dalilan da zan yi bayani don kar a sami rashin fahimta:

• Conifers sun fara haɓaka a cikin zamanin Triassic, kamar yadda muka fada a baya kimanin shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata. A wancan lokacin, shuke-shuke da furanni masu fara'a ba su wanzu ba tukuna, kuma tsaba daga farkon lokacin da ya faɗi (kuma ya faɗi) a ƙasa dole ne ya tsiro da sauri da zarar damar tsira ta taso.
• Itatuwa na zamani duk tsiron angiosperm ne; maƙunsar maimakon su ne motsa jiki. Akwai nau'in jinsin bishiyar daya daya wanda yake da alaqa da conifers fiye da bishiyoyin zamani: the Ginkgo biloba.
• Ganyen bishiyoyi sun fi 'rauni' idan aka kwatanta da conifers. Ganye mai laushi (alal misali) ba zai tsira daga mummunan lokacin hunturu na Arctic ba.
• Adadin girma tsakanin ɗayan da ɗayan, gaba ɗaya, ya sha bamban. Ifunƙun daji suna da hankali, yayin da itatuwa suke da ɗan sauri.
• Tsammani na rayuwa ma daban ne. Tsirrai, a hankali yake girma (kuma muddin wannan jinkirin wani ɓangare ne na abin da kwayar halittar sa ke faɗi) na rayuwa fiye da wanda ke saurin girma. Shi ya sa za mu iya samu katako Shekaru 3200, amma yana da matukar wahala ka samu bishiyar da ta girmi shekaru 1000. Duk shekarun suna ban mamaki kuma ba zai yuwu mutane su iya kaiwa ba, amma ba tare da wata shakka ba ina tsammanin wannan wani abu ne da ya kamata a kula dashi yayin magana game da bishiyoyi da conifers.

Nau'in bishiyoyi

Wasu karin nau'in wakilci sune:

Citrus x sinensis

An kira shi da yawa Itacen lemu, da Citrus x sinensis Ita bishiyar bishiya ce wacce take ƙasar Indiya, Pakistan, Vietnam, da kuma kudu maso gabashin China. Yayi girma zuwa matsakaicin tsayin mita 10, tare da gajeren akwati da kambi wanda ya ƙunshi rassa wanda manyansa, masu sauƙi, da koren ganye suka toho. Furannin kanana ne, kusan 1cm, farare ne kuma masu kamshi. Kuma thea fruitsan itacen suna zagaye, kala cikin lemu, kuma tare da ɓangaren litattafan abinci.

prunus dulcis

Wanda aka sani da almond, da prunus dulcis Itace bishiyar bishiyar ɗan asalin Yammacin Turai, Yammacin Asiya, da Arewacin Afirka. Ya kai tsayin mita 10, tare da dan guntun akwati da kuma kambi mai fadi da kusan zagaye. Ganyayyaki suna da tsayi, tare da gefen gefe, kuma koren launi. Furannin fararen ne ko ruwan hoda, tsawonsu yakai 1-2cm, kuma basu da kamshi. 'Ya'yan itacen almond ne, wanda ya kai kusan 1-1,5 cm, kuma an gina su da harsashi mai wuya - ana iya fasa shi da sauƙi ta hanyar buga shi da dutse - mai launin ruwan kasa mai kare iri guda, wannan shine abin ci na ƙarshe.

Shrubbery

Mu matsa zuwa cikin daji. Waɗannan shuke-shuke ne waɗanda, sabanin bishiyoyi, ba su da tushe guda ɗaya, amma suna da yawa waɗanda ke tashi daga tushe ɗaya. Game da tsayinsu, sun auna har zuwa mita 5, kodayake akwai da yawa da ba su wuce mita ɗaya ba.

Ganyayyaki na iya zama masu yanke ko shuke-shuke, karami ko babba, kuma na launuka mabambanta (kore, ja, shunayya, mai rarrafe, mai launi uku, ...). A wuraren noman yara muna samun da yawa waɗanda ke samar da kyawawan furanni, kamar su azalea misali, ko camellia.

Shuke-shuken da ba haka bane

Akwai wasu tsire-tsire waɗanda, kodayake sun cika kyakkyawar ɓangare na waɗannan halaye, ba za a iya ɗaukar su azabtarwa kamar haka ba. An kira su subshrubs, waxanda waɗancan tsirrai ne waɗanda a cikin shahararren yare ana kiran su dazuzzuka na itace (ko kawai bushes) ko shrubs. Ba kamar daji za mu ce gaskiya, wadannan suna da gajerun kafafu, kuma sun fi kama da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire menene kuma, kamar su lavender ko thyme.

Don rikitar da abubuwa kaɗan, al'ada ce a sanya wasu tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da alaƙa sosai. Tabbas don ta'aziyya da amfani. Misali, cycads, wato, duk waɗannan Cycas, Dioon, Encephalartos, da makamantansu. Me yasa nace wadannan basu dace sosai a cikin daji ba?

Saboda abu daya yake faruwa dasu kamar yadda akeyi da conifers: tsoffin shuke-shuke neA zahiri, an samo ragowar tun daga shekaru miliyan 280 da suka gabata; su ne wasan motsa jiki (Ba sa kare tsaba kuma ba sa samar da furanni masu nunawa); kuma tsawon rayuwarta ya fi na shrub na zamani daɗi saboda saurin ci gabansa: a Cycas ya juyaMisali, da sharadin yanayin yayi daidai, zai iya kaiwa shekaru 300, yayin da shrub na kowa da wuya ya wuce 100.

Nau'in shrub-like

Muna nuna muku nau'ikan masu zuwa:

Veronica ƙarancin

A la Veronica ƙarancin An san shi da suna veronica ko hebe, kuma yana da ƙarancin itacen shuke-shuke zuwa New Zealand wancan ya kai matsakaicin tsayi na mita 2. Ganyayyaki na sirara ne dogaye, koren launi, kuma an haɗa furannin a farar inflorescences.

Hibiscus rosa sinensis

El Hibiscus rosa sinensis wani jinsi ne da aka fi sani da China rose, hibiscus, cayenne ko poppy (kada a rude shi da ganye Papaver yayi) kuma yana da ƙarancin shrub na asalin Asiya ta Gabas. Ya kai tsayin mita 2 zuwa 5, tare da fadi da kuma kore ganye kore ganye. Furannin suna da fadin 6 zuwa 12cm, kuma suna da launuka daban-daban: rawaya, ruwan hoda, ja, mai launuka iri-iri.

Hawa shuke-shuke

Masu hawan hawa sune waɗancan nau'ikan shuke-shuke waɗanda suke girma a saman wasu tsire-tsire (galibi dogayen bishiyoyi) don zuwa hasken rana. Dogaro da matsayin ƙwarewar rayuwa, muna da:

• Epiphytic shuke-shuke: sune waɗanda suke amfani da wasu azaman tallafi, kamar su Jasmine ko bougainvillea.
• Hemiepiphyte: sune waɗanda suke epiphytes ne kawai a farkon rayuwarsu, wanda shine lokacin da asalinsu suka girma zuwa ƙasa kuma suka ratsa cikin ƙasa. Daga nan gaba, zasu zama shuke-shuke masu baƙunci, kamar su Ficus benghalensis, ko wasu nau'ikan Clusia.
• Hemiparasite: sune tsire-tsire masu laushi, ma'ana, suna samun kayan abinci daga wasu tsirrai, amma suna iya aiwatar da hotuna ta wata hanya.
  Akwai nau'ikan parasitism daban-daban:
  • Tilastawa: lokacin da baza ku iya rayuwa ba tare da mai gida ba. Misali: Kundin Viscum.
  • Zabi: lokacin da zaka iya kawo karshen rayuwarka ko kana da mai gida ko babu. Misali: Rhinanthus.
  • Mai tushe: sune waɗanda aka ƙaddara a kan asalin shukar mai masaukin.
  • Tushen: sune wadanda aka kafasu a cikin tushen shuke-shuke masu daukar bakuncin.
  • Holoparasite: su ne waɗanda suka dogara gaba ɗaya akan wasu shuke-shuke tunda basu da chlorophyll, ba tare da su ba yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da hotunan hoto. Misali: Hydnora (tushen), ko Ci gaban Turai (na kara)

Masu hawa hawa

Anan za mu nuna muku wasu:

Jasmine officinale

El Jasmine officinale wani bishiyar epiphyte mai ƙarancin haske ga ucan Caucasus, arewacin Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Himalayas, Indiya, Nepal, da yammacin China. Ya kai tsayin mita shida idan an tallafa. An haɗu da furanni a cikin tseren tsere, kuma suna da fari.

Ficus benghalensis

An san shi da baƙon ɓaure ko itacen banyan, kuma itaciya ce ta hemiepiphyte. Seedayar ta kan yi tsiro a cikin wani rami a cikin reshen wata babbar bishiya, kuma idan saiwoyin suka isa ƙasa sai shukar ta fara girma da sauri, tana cire abubuwan gina jiki daga itacen da ke mara masa baya.

Kamar yadda yake tsiro, tushen itacen ɓaure yana samun ƙarfi, da kuma girma, kuma a hankali 'maƙe' bishiyar. Bayan lokaci, rassan Ficus sun samar da ganyaye da yawa har iccen da ke tallafashi ya ƙare da rashin haske ... da abubuwan gina jiki. Da zarar ya faru, sai gangar jikinsa ta yi ruri, amma itacen ɓaure ya kafa tushen tushen tushen tushen da ba zai faɗi ba, sai dai ya samar da wani irin ɓamɓaren ƙwarya.

Wannan shuka mai kisan kai ta zama sanadiyyar Bangladesh, Indiya, da Sri Lanka. Girmansa yana da canzawa, amma yana iya faɗaɗawa zuwa tsawan mita dubu da yawa. A cikin Lambunan Botanical na Calcutta akwai wanda aka kiyasta yana da shekaru sama da 230, kuma yana da yanki mai girman murabba'in 12.000.

Kundin Viscum

An san shi azaman farin ko siririn siriri, da Kundin Viscum Yana da nauyin tsire-tsire na hemiparasitic na asali zuwa Turai, Yammacin da Kudancin Asiya, da Amurka. Ya tsiro ne a jikin rassan bishiyun bishiyun, kamar su poplar, kodayake shima ana ganinsa akan wasu Itatuwan Pine. Yana samar da tushe mai banƙyama har tsawon mita 1, kuma ganyayyaki masu launin rawaya-rawaya, tsayin 2 zuwa 8cm.. Furanninta suna da launin rawaya-rawaya, kuma suna auna 2-3mm a diamita. 'Ya'yan itacen ƙaramin farin ne, rawaya ko translucent Berry.

Nasara

Tsirrai ne waɗanda suka dace da rayuwa a wasu yankuna mafiya dumi da bushewa a duniya. Kodayake akwai bishiyoyi, shrubs da wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da wani ɓangare mai ma'ana, saboda haka muna nufin cacti da succulents ne kawai. Asalin waɗannan ya faro ne tun daga zamanin Kiritas, tsakanin shekaru miliyan 80 zuwa 90 da suka gabata. A waccan lokacin sun kasance shuke-shuke masu ganye, furanni da iri, wadanda ke zaune a yankin da ke Kudancin Amurka da Afirka a yanzu, amma wacce a da ta kasance Gondwana (tsohuwar yanki ce da ta kunshi nahiyoyin kasashen Afirka na yanzu, Kudancin Amurka) , Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Hindustan, Madagascar da Antarctica, waɗanda suka samo asali daga raba Pangea a cikin shekaru fiye da miliyan 200 da suka gabata).

Saboda motsi na faranti masu motsi, kadan kadan kadan kuma sama da shekaru dubbai da miliyoyi, Kudancin Amurka da Afirka sun rabu, ana kawo su sannu a hankali zuwa inda suke a yanzu. A yin haka, yanayin canjin waɗancan wurare ya canza, tilasta wa Amurkawa succulents daidaitawa ta hanyar gyaggyara ganyensu ta kashin baya da kuma samun jiki mai iya daukar hoto; A gefe guda kuma, matan Afirka sun juya ganyensu da / ko mai tushe zuwa 'kantunan' ruwa.

Don haka, Amurkawa sun haifar da cacti, kuma na ƙarshe ya zama masu nasara.

A zamanin zamani zamu iya ganin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin hamada ko kusa da yankuna hamada. Misali, a cikin ƙasashe kamar Mexico, Chile da Argentina, akwai cacti mai yawan gaske. Misali, na fiye da nau'ikan 350 na mammillaria waɗanda aka yarda da su, wanda shine mafi yawan nau'ikan kwayar cuta, mafi yawan 'yan asalin ƙasar Meziko ne. A gefe guda kuma, Lithops na daya daga cikin manyan halittu masu dauke da kwayoyi, domin ya kunshi jinsuna 109, dukkansu ‘yan asalin yankin kudancin Afirka ne.

Succulents tsirrai ne waɗanda sun shirya tsayayya da yanayin zafi mai yawa na hamada, kuma basa son ruwa da yawa. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa suka shahara sosai, tunda suma basa yawan yin girma (tare da 'yan kaɗan). Abu na yau da kullun shine basu wuce santimita 40, 50 ko 60 a tsayi ba, kodayake akwai wasu nau'in cacti na columnar, kamar su giant carnegiea (saguaros), wanda ya wuce mita 5.

Bambanci tsakanin cacti da succulents

Abu ne mai sauki ka rikita su, saboda eh, mun san cewa cacti yana da ƙaya ... amma a wasu halaye ba haka bane (kamar Astrophytum asteria). Don haka don kada a sami sarari don shakku, gaya muku cewa abin da ya kamata ku kalla don sanin ko murtsatse ne ko fatsi-fatsi yana cikin waɗannan masu zuwa:

• Areola: ƙaya da furanni suna toho daga gare su, kuma gabaɗaya suna da gashi. Suna cikin cacti ne kawai.
• Haƙarƙari: haƙarƙarin haƙarƙarin zai iya zama mafi ƙarancin alama, kuma ya zama mara tsari ko ƙari. Dukansu cacti da wasu masu sassaucin ra'ayi na iya samun su, amma a da sun fi fice sosai.
• Bar: suna da jiki, yawanci haske a launi. Aan masu shayarwa ne ke dasu.

Succulent tsire-tsire

Anan za mu nuna muku wasu:

Copiapoa cinea

La Copiapoa cinea Nau'in murtsunguwa ne na jikin dunƙule-dunƙule-dunƙule tare da ƙayayuwa. Furannin rawaya ne, kuma sun tsiro ne daga koli daga tushe. Yana da kyau ga Chile, kuma zai iya kaiwa tsayi kimanin santimita 50-60.

Echeveria elegans

La Echeveria elegans tsire-tsire ne mai wadatawa wanda yake asalin tsakiyar Mexico cewa yana yin rosette na ganye har zuwa santimita 10 a diamita, ba tare da tushe / akwati ba Furanninta suna tohowa daga ɗan gajeren zangon fure, kuma lemu ne.

Kuma tare da taƙaitaccen tunani mun gama:

Yana da ban sha'awa sanin shuke-shuke, amma kuma yana da matukar mahimmanci mutunta su. A halin yanzu ana sare shi da sauri cikin sauri. Idan muka ci gaba a haka, idan muka lura cewa ba za a ci kudi ba, ya makara.