Muriwo, nemhuri

Grasses, liliaceae, nyemba, quenopodiaceae, aizoaceae ... Ufff, kana usina ruzivo rwekare rwebhodani kana gadheni, pakutanga warasika. Kana vari mubhuku kana muposita vanoti: "usazvibatanidze necucurbits", sei? Zvakanaka, ini ndanga ndisingadi kuzviita, asi ... tiri kutaura nezvei? Zvakanaka tinotaura nezvazvo botanical mhuri yemiriwo uye zviri nyore kuti uvazive (kana zvirinani uve ne kupatsanurwa).

Zvinonakidza kuve nechinyorwa chinounganidza iyo mhuri huru uye marudzi iyo yainotenderedza, ine zita ravo rakafanana. Saka ndinovimba kuti zvandiri kuzokuudza zvichabatsira kune vese avo vari kutanga kugadzira gadheni remudhorobha.

Kunyangwe zvingaratidzika kunge zvakaoma, kunyanya pakutanga, hazvisi izvo zvakanyanya 😉. Ipapo iwe unozoziva nei:

Solanaceae

Mumhuri iyi makumi masere nesere pamwe nemazana mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe ezviuru zvakaiswa mumapoka atinogona kuwana pasirese, asi kunyanya muSouth America neCentral America. Iwo zvirimwa zvine mamwe mashizha, akapusa uye asina stipuleti.ndiko kuti, pasina chimiro chakaumbwa pamativi ese enheyo yemashizha akati, anowanzo kuve laminar.

Vanogona kukura segore negore, biennial, kana kusingaperi herbaceous zvirimwa, asi mazhinji acho anogara kwenguva pfupi. Kureba kwavo kuri pakati pe 20 masentimita uye mita imwe, uye vanogadzira maruva akanaka kwazvo ane machena, yero kana epingi. Chibereko chinogona kunge chiri mune kapsule kana dhiripi mhando, uye mukati medu tichawana mbeu dzakawanda.

Mimwe yakashongedzwa, senge petunias, asi iyo inotinakidza ndeyekurima, uye semienzaniso tinayo madomasi, the Mhiripiri, all mbatatisi, or the berenjena.

Wakaumbwa

Iyo zvakare inonzi asteraceae, ndiyo mhuri hombe yezvirimwa, ine dzinenge 1600 genera uye anopfuura makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri marudzi akapararira pasirese. Izvo zvinowanzoita zvinomera zvine hupenyu, asi kune zvimwe zviri zvegore kana zvegore. Hunhu hwayo hukuru - uye hunokwezva- ndiwo maruva, ayo anoyeuchidza zvikuru eayo emadhiisy asi ari madiki. Aya ndiwo mahermaphrodites, kashoma kuve asina hukama, eakasiyana mavara (chena, pingi, yero, yepepuru).

Mashizha acho anowanzo shanduka uye kutenderera, herbaceous, nyama uye / kana dehwe. Chibereko chinonzi cipsela, ndiko kuti, muchero une mhodzi ine mhando yepakajeka parachuti iyo inobatsira iyo kupararira.

Kune akawanda anoshandiswa zvakare mumabindu, semaAsters pachawo, asi mubindu zvinonyanya kufadza kuva nema endive, endives, maruva, lettuce, kana artichokes.

Liliaceae

Liliaceae izvo zvinogara, zvinomera uye zvinowanzoita bulbous kana rhizomatous zvirimwa yemuno kumatunhu ane hunyanzvi kuchamhembe kwehemisphere, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweAsia. Mashizha acho mamwe uye anotenderera, girini. Iyo inflorescences inoumbwa neye hermaphrodite maruva, hombe uye showy musimboti. Chibereko chacho kapsule ine mhodzi, yakatenderera kana globose mbeu.

Iyo girobhu kana rhizome inowanzo kuwanikwa pasi pevhu, uye inoshanda seye tambo mukati menguva isiri-yekukura, nekuti nekuda kwayo vanogona kugara vakaguta zvakakwana kusvika yakanaka mamiriro ekunze adzoka.

Mienzaniso yemiriwo kubva kumhuri iyi? Tine iyo garlicla onion, the leek and the asparagus. Zvese zviri nyore kukura, kunyangwe muhari 😉.

Cucurbits

Ivo vari kukwira zvirimwa, iine yegore kutenderera zvakanyanya, ichibva kumatunhu akadzikama uye anodziya ese ari maviri America neEurope. Ivo vanoonekwa nekufukidzwa nevhudzi, uye nekukudziridza shizha rimwechete pane imwe node. Maruva acho madiki, yero kana chena, akapusa. Chibereko chinotora chakakomberedzwa kana chakareba chimiro, uye chinowanzo kudyiwa. Mukati meizvi tichawana mbeu dzine mavara akasviba, uye dzakaoma.

Dzinokura nekukurumidza, asi sezvo dzichiwanzo kutora nzvimbo yakawanda, dzinokura zvakananga muvhu, kana muhari huru kwazvo, nekuti zvikasadaro michero yainoburitsa idiki zvekuti haikodzeri kuyedzwa.

Mumhuri iyi tinayo cantaloupela manwiwala pumpkin, the zucchini, the cucumber uye alficoz.

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodiaceae iri mhuri diki yemamaranth, asi sezvo amaranth nemimwe michero yakabatana hazvidyike (zvirizvo, zvimwe zvine chepfu, senge amaranth pachayo), dzimwe nguva mumatanho ekurima uye mamwe anoonekwa semhuri uye kwete semhuri. Asi hesi, ngatiendei kune izvo zvinotifadza: izvi zvinomera zvinowanzova herbaceous, kashoma shrub uye vanokwira, ichibva kumatunhu anodziya ekumaodzanyemba kweEurope.

Mashizha acho ari nyore uye mamwe, kunyange angave asina iwo. Maruva acho madiki, hermaphroditic kana unisexual, uye akabatanidzwa mune inflorescence yechena, yakajeka brown, kana pingi. Midzi iri rhizomatous, iri mune dzimwe nguva inodyiwa.

Horticulturals yemhuri iyi ndiyo chard, all sipinachi and the beet.

Cruciferous

Iyo inonziwo brasicáceas, ndeyegore, biennial kana isingagumi miriwo iine dzinosvika mazana matatu nesere makumi matatu nemasere uye mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe emarudzi anobva kunzvimbo dzinotonhora kusvika kunzvimbo dzinotonhora dzepasi. Mashizha acho anoshanduka kana kugoverwa muma rosettes, akareruka kana akapatsanurwa, uye asina stipuleti.

Maruva ari hermaphroditic, ane mana machena kana epingi peturu, uye akabatanidzwa mune inflorescence mumasumbu, corymbs kana umbels. Uye muchero uyu wakareba wakaomeswa capsule inozivikanwa silique kana silicule inodzivirira mbeu zhinji.

Iyi mhuri inoronga iwo chaiwo echando miriwo, senge broccoli, turnip, radish, kabichi uye cauliflower.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Brasicaceae (Brassicaceae)

Umbellate

Iye zvino anonzi apiaceae, ndiwo herbaceous, egore kana asingagumi mbesa izvo zvinoumba mhuri ye440 genera uye zvinopfuura mazana matatu nemazana mashanu akapararira pasi rese. Ivo vanogadzira hunde iyo inowanzo kutambanudzwa, iine mamwe, akazara, erima girini mashizha. Ivo vane mudzi sisitimu inoumbwa nemudzi unowanzo kuve munyama, wakaumbana muchimiro, uye mimwe yakanaka yechipiri midzi.

Maruva ayo anowanzo kuve hermaphroditic, anoumbwa nekorolla ine mashanu machena, yero kana epinki peturu, uye iwo akaunganidzwa mune inflorescence mune yakapusa kana yakakomberedzwa umbel. Chibereko chakaoma uye schizocarpic (ndokuti mbeu imwechete inokura mukati mayo).

Iyo inonakidza umbellifers yegadheni ndiyo karoti, all parsnips, the parsley and the celery.

Mbesa

Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare se fabaceae, imhuri inoumbwa ne730 genera uye dzimwe mhando mazana mapfumbamwe nemazana mana dzakapararira pasirese, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Kune miti, makwenzi, husingaperi kana huswa hwegore, uye inozivikanwa nekugara yakasvibira kana mashizha akasarudzika, mamwe, aine stipuleti, uye kazhinji anogadzirwa (pinnate, bipinnate, chigunwe kana trifoliate). Midzi yawo inowanzo tenderera, yakadzika uye inowanzo kumisa hukama hwehukama nemabhakitiriya erudzi rweRhizobium, ayo anovabatsira kugadzirisa nitrogen kune ivhu.

Maruva acho, madiki kana mahombe, ari ega kana akaiswa muzvikwata zvema inflorescence mu racemes kana umberi, uye akachena, yero, pingi, tsvuku kana orenji. Muchero, unonzi legume, wakareba, mutete uye wakapetwa. Mbeu dzakatenderera uye dzakaomarara, nerima muvara (kazhinji dema).

Pakati pezvirimwa zvegorosi isu tine yakafara bhinzi, bhinzi, alfalfa, pea uye vetch.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Chii chinonzi muti wembesa?

Uswa

Grasses, kana Poaceae, ndiyo yechina mhuri hombe yebhotani, ine 820 genera uye 12.100 herbaceous, kana kashoma huni mhando ichibva kumativi ese epasi. Ivo vanowanikwa kubva kunzvimbo dzerenje kusvika kumakomo marefu.

Hunde yacho ndeyesirivheri, uye ine mamwe mashizha anoumbwa nemuhara (akakomberedza hunde), ligule (rinogona kunge riri bvudzi rebvudzi kana chiumbiso chinobatanidza chiuno pamwe nebanga) uye blade kana lamina. yakapusa, uye netsinga dzinoenderana. Maruva acho akabatanidzwa mu inflorescence inozivikanwa se spikelets, uye ari hermaphroditic kana unisexual, chena kana yero muvara. Muchero kana zviyo zvaoma, zvine mhodzi imwe chete.

Mumhuri iyi tinowana chibage, kune oats, bhari, gorosi, rice Rye.

Ndinovimba wave kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro penyaya iyi.