Imifuno, ngokweentsapho

Ingca, i-liliaceae, imidumba, i-quenopodiaceae, i-aizoaceae ... Ufff, ukuba awunalo ulwazi lwangaphambili lwezityalo okanye igadi, ekuqaleni ulahlekile. Xa bekwincwadi yesikhokelo okanye eposini bathi: "ungayidibanisi neecucurbits", njani? Ewe, bendingazimiselanga kuyenza, kodwa ... sithetha ngantoni? Kulungile sithetha ngayo Iintsapho zezityalo zemifuno kwaye kufanelekile ukubazi (okanye ubuncinci unayo ukwahlulahlula).

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba nenqaku eliqokelela ifayile ye- Iintsapho eziphambili kunye neentlobo ezijikelezayo, ngegama labo eliqhelekileyo. Ke ndiyathemba ukuba le nto ndiza kukuxelela yona iyakuba luncedo kubo bonke abo baqala ukwenza igadi yasezidolophini.

Nangona inokubonakala inzima, ngakumbi ekuqaleni, enyanisweni ayisiyonto ingako 😉. Emva koko uyazi ngokwakho ukuba kutheni:

Solanaceae

Kolu sapho uhlobo lwama-98 kunye nezinye iintlobo ezingama-2700 zidwelisiwe esinokuzifumana kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa ngakumbi eMzantsi Melika nakuMbindi Merika. Zizityalo ezinamagqabi atshintshayo, alula kwaye ngaphandle kwemigqaliselo.Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwaso nasiphi na isakhiwo esenziwe kumacala omabini esiseko samashiti athi, ahlala elaminethi.

Ziyakwazi ukukhula njengezityalo zonyaka, i-biennial, okanye i-herbaceous, kodwa ezininzi zihlala zihlala zifutshane. Ukuphakama kwawo kuphakathi kweesentimitha ezingama-20 kunye nemitha enye, kwaye zivelisa iintyatyambo ezintle ngokwenene zinamagqabi amhlophe, atyheli okanye apinki. Isiqhamo sinokuba kuhlobo lwecapsule okanye idrupe, kwaye ngaphakathi siza kufumana iimbewu ezininzi.

Ezinye zezokuhombisa, ezinjengee-petunias, kodwa ezo zinomdla kuthi zezokulima, kwaye njengemizekelo sinayo iitumato, i Iipepile, Las ipatata, okanye isityalo seqanda.

Umdibaniso

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-asteraceae, lolona sapho lukhulu lwezityalo, malunga ne-1600 genera kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-23500 ezisasazeke kwihlabathi jikelele. Ziqhele ukuba zizityalo ezinomdla, kodwa kukho ezinye ezenziwa ngonyaka okanye kabini ngonyaka. Olona phawu luphambili-kwaye luyathandeka- ziintyatyambo, ezikhumbuza kakhulu ii-daisy kodwa zincinci. Ezi zi-hermaphrodites, kunqabile ukuba zingatshatanga, imibala eyahlukeneyo (emhlophe, epinki, tyheli, nemfusa).

Amagqabi ahlala etshintshana kwaye ejikeleza, atyhefu, inyama kunye / okanye isikhumba. Isiqhamo siyi-cipsela, oko kukuthi, isiqhamo imbewu yaso inohlobo lweparashute ekhanyayo eyinceda ukuba isasazeke.

Zininzi ezisetyenzisiweyo egadini, njengee-Asters ngokwazo, kodwa egadini kunomdla ngakumbi ukuba ne-endives, endive, ojongilanga, ilethasi, okanye iartichokes.

Liliaceae

Liliaceae Zizityalo ezingapheliyo, ezinamagqabi kunye nezihlala zine-bulbous okanye i-rhizomatous yemveli kwimimandla eshushu yomntla weikhweyitha, ngakumbi emazantsi mpuma eAsia. Amagqabi ayatshintsha kwaye ajikeleza, aluhlaza. I-inflorescence yenziwe ngeentyatyambo ze-hermaphrodite, ezinkulu kunye ne-showy ngokomgaqo. Isiqhamo sisihabhu esineembewu ezithe tyaba, ezingqukuva okanye zeglobose.

I-bulb okanye i-rhizome ihlala ifunyanwa phantsi komhlaba, kwaye isebenza njengendawo yokuphila ngexesha lonyaka elingenazityalo, kuba enkosi kuyo banokuhlala bondlekile ngokwaneleyo de kubuye imozulu elungileyo.

Imizekelo yemifuno evela kolu sapho? Sine igalikhi, la anyanisi, i Vuza kunye i-asparagus. Konke kulula ukukhula, nokuba kusembizeni 😉.

Cucurbits

Benyuka izityalo, benomjikelo wonyaka ikakhulu, ezivela kwimimandla efudumeleyo nefudumeleyo eMelika naseYurophu. Babonakaliswe ngokugqunywa ziinwele, nangokuphuhlisa igqabi elinye kwibala ngalinye. Iintyatyambo zincinci, tyheli okanye mhlophe, zilula. Isiqhamo sithatha imilo erhangqiweyo okanye emide, kwaye siyatyiwa. Ngaphakathi koku siza kufumana imbewu enemibala emnyama, kwaye inzima.

Zikhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kodwa kuba zihlala zithatha indawo eninzi, zikhula ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni, okanye kwiimbiza ezinkulu kakhulu, kuba kungenjalo iziqhamo abazivelisayo zincinci kakhulu kangangokuba azikufanelanga ukuzama.

Kolu sapho sinalo icantaloupe, la ujodo, la ithanga, i uzucchini, i ipepino kunye nealficoz.

Chenopodiaceae

I-Chenopodiaceae ngokwenene iyintsapho encinci ye-amaranths, kodwa ekubeni i-amaranths kunye nezityalo ezihambelanayo azidliwayo (eqinisweni, ezinye zinetyhefu, njenge-amaranth ngokwayo), ngamanye amaxesha kwizikhokelo ze-horticultural kunye nezinye zithathwa njengentsapho kwaye kungekhona njengentsapho. Kodwa ke, masiye kwizinto ezinomdla kuthi: Ezi zityalo zihlala zitya imifuno, kunqabile ukuba izihlahla kunye nokunyuka, zivela kwimimandla enemozulu eshushu esemazantsi eYurophu.

Amagqabi alula kwaye atshintshana, nangona engenakho. Iintyatyambo zincinci, i-hermaphroditic okanye i-unisexual, kwaye ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence zombala omhlophe, omdaka ngokukhanyayo, okanye opinki. Iingcambu zirhizomatous, ekubeni kwezinye iimeko zityiwa.

Abalimi bezityalo zale ntsapho zezi chard, Las ispinatshi kunye beet.

Cruciferous

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-brasicáceas, yimifuno yonyaka, yeminyaka emibini okanye engapheliyo malunga ne-338 genera kunye ne-3709 yeendidi ezivela kwindawo epholileyo ukuya kwimimandla ebandayo yomhlaba. Amagqabi ayatshintshwa okanye asasazwe kwii-rosettes, ezilula okanye ezahlulwe, kwaye ngaphandle kwemigqaliselo.

Iintyatyambo zi-hermaphroditic, ezine-4 ezimhlophe okanye ezipinki, kwaye ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence kwii-racemes, kwi-corymbs okanye kwi-umbels. Kwaye iziqhamo yicapsule eyomileyo edibeneyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-silique okanye i-silicule ekhusela iimbewu ezininzi.

Olu sapho ludibanisa imifuno ebusika, enjenge-broccoli, itheniphu, isithombo, ikhaphetshu kunye icauliflower.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-Brassicaceae (iBrassicaceae)

Umbrelate

Ngoku kuthiwa yi-apiaceae, zizityalo ezinetyhefu, zonyaka okanye ezingapheliyo ezenza usapho lwezigidi ezingama-440 kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-3500 XNUMX ezisasazeke kwihlabathi lonke. Bahlakulela isiqu esidla ngokuhlangana, ngamanye, amagqabi aluhlaza amnyama. Baneengcambu ezakhiwe yingcambu edla ngokuba yinyama, imilo e-tubular, kunye nezinye iingcambu zesibini ezicocekileyo.

Iintyatyambo zayo zihlala zi-hermaphroditic, ezenziwe ngecorolla ezinamagqabi ama-5 amhlophe, amthubi okanye apinki, kwaye ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence kwi-umbel elula. Isiqhamo somile kwaye si-schizocarpic (Oko kukuthi, imbewu enye iyavela ngaphakathi).

Ii-umbellifers ezinomdla kwigadi yile izaqathe, Las iiparsnips, i iparsley kunye isileri.

Iimbotyi

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fabaceae, lusapho olwenziwe ngamaqela angama-730 kwaye ezinye iintlobo ezingama-19.400 zasasazwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngakumbi kwimimandla yetropiki neetropiki. Kukho imithi, amatyholo, ingca engapheliyo okanye yonyaka, kwaye zibonakaliswa ngokuba namagqabi ahlala eluhlaza okanye anqabileyo, enye, kunye ne-stipules, kwaye idla ngokudibanisa (i-pinnate, bipinnate, umnwe okanye i-trifoliate). Iingcambu zawo zihlala zijikeleza, zinzulu kwaye zithande ukuseka ubudlelwane beempawu kunye neentsholongwane zohlobo lweRhizobium, ezibanceda ukulungisa i-nitrogen emhlabeni.

Iintyatyambo, ezincinci okanye ezinkulu, zodwa okanye ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence kwii-racemes okanye kwii-umbels, kwaye zimhlophe, tyheli, pinki, zibomvu okanye orenji. Isiqhamo, esibizwa ngokuba yimidumba, sinde, sibhityile kwaye sicabalele. Iimbewu zijikeleze kwaye zinzima, zimnyama ngombala (zihlala zimnyama).

Phakathi kweembotyi zenkcubeko esinazo iimbotyi ezibanziiimbotyi, alfalfa, ertyisi kunye nevert.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Yintoni isityalo semidumba?

Ingca

Ingca, okanye iPoaceae, lusapho lwesine ngobukhulu kwizityalo, ezinamajoni angama-820 no-12.100 herbaceous, okanye kunqabile ukuba nezinto isuka kwihlabathi liphela. Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezisentlango ukuya kweyona ntaba iphakamileyo.

Iziqu zi-cylindrical ukuya kwi-elliptical, kwaye zinamagqabi amanye aqulathe isheath (ejikeleze isiqu), i-ligule (inokuba liqela leenwele okanye isihlomelo esine-membranous esijoyina isingxobo kunye ne-blade okanye i-lamina, ethi ilula, kwaye imithambo-luvo iyahambelana. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezaziwa njenge-spikelets, kwaye zi-hermaphroditic okanye ezingafaniyo, zimhlophe okanye zimthubi ngombala. Iziqhamo okanye iinkozo zomile, kunye nembewu enye.

Kolu sapho sifumana ngqolowa, kwi-oats, irhasi, ingqolowa, ilayisi Kwaye rye.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyazi ngakumbi malunga nesi sihloko.